简介：目的探讨胬肉术中完整，安全，彻底剥离角膜上的变性组织的技巧性，安全性。方法25例胬肉术中以逆向撕皮法，剥离胬肉组织，术后观察有无结膜变性组织残留及角膜上皮修复情况。结果25例眼用此方法均能完整，彻底的剥离附着在角膜上的变性组织，无残留胬肉组织，上皮修复较快。结论胬肉术中以角膜上皮全层为厚度行结膜变性组织的剥离方法简单，可行，安全性高的术式，尤其适用于初学者。

简介：护理安全是指在实施护理的全过程中，患者不发生法律和法定的规章制度允许范围内以外的心理、机体结构或功能上的损害、障碍、缺陷或死亡。通过对护理安全问题的分析，认为造成护理安全问题和护患纠纷的主要原因有护理人员方面的、管理方面及病人、社会方面的。只有依法行医、恪尽职守、加强自律和道德建设、规范服务行为、改善社会对医院的再认识，建立协调健康的医护关系，合理应用人力资源，优化护理管理制度，增强护理风险意识才能有效解决护理安全问题。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.