简介：Inthispaper,asimplebutinherentrelationbetweentheL-integralandtheBueeknerworkconjugateintegralisprovedforcrackproblemsinisotropic,anisotropic,anddissimilarmateri-als,respectively.Itisfoundthat,intheabove-mentionedthreecases,theL-integral,fromthemath-ematicalpointofviewaswellasinprinciple,arisesfromBetti’sreciprocaltheorem.ThismeansthattheBuecknerworkconjugateintegralisamoregeneralpath-independentintegralthantheotherssinceanyotherpath-independentintegralscouldbederivedbyusin8theBuecknerintegralwhilechoosingadifferentsubsidiarystress-displacementfield.

简介：(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)Poly，microgels广泛地在药交货被使用由于他们对温度的快反应。以便得到更好的biocompatibility，PNIPAMmicrogels与biocompatible材料的层典型地是涂的，与核心壳导致合成microgels结构。例如，在最近准备的合成microgel，PNIPAM胶化的microsphere被phospholipid膜围住，并且合成microgel响应温度变化展出实质的音量转变。这里，我们开发一个理论模型描述这合成microgel的热应答的行为。特别地，我们把phospholipid膜当作象橡皮状的弹性体一样表现的有弹性的层并且为nematic胶化采用免费精力的功能的形式(它指其行为强烈地被学习了的热敏感的胶化的花药种类)作为那为PNIPAM胶化。我们证明合成microgel的热应答的行为能被膜显著地影响。由在接口上调查应力的状态，我们进一步预言当涂层膜生硬、薄时，皱纹被期望在卷转变以后发生在合成microgel的外部表面上。

简介：Anewadaptivetechniqueofr-andh-versionforvibrationproblemsutilizingthematrixper-turbationtheoryandelementenergyratioisproposed.Instructuralvibrationanalysis,throughther-conver-genceadaptivefiniteelementprocess,meshoptimizationcanberealized.Inthelightofthejudgementonthechangesinthemagnitudeoftheelementenergyratio,localrefinementcanbeachievedintheprocessofh-convergenceadaptivefiniteelementsothatmoreaccuratefiniteelementsolutionscanbeobtainedwithasfewmeshesaspossible.Manynumericalexamplesaregivenandtheproposedapproachisshowntobefeasibleandeffective.