简介:在构建人口文化素质指数的基础上,根据中国文化教育的实际情况,选取合理而简单的评价指标,对1997—2006年中国人口文化素质指数进行定量与定性分析.研究表明:中国人口文化素质指数正在快速提高,但整体水平还很低;人口文化素质指数的空间差异明显,东部最高,中部次之,西部最低,低于全国平均水平的省域集中于西部;近2/3的省域存在发散趋异,收敛趋同的省域不到1/3;向上发散趋异的省域主要位于东、中部,向下发散趋异的省域主要位于西部,空间差异有可能继续扩大.反映单个人文因子与人口文化素质指数之间互动关系的方程显示:人口文化素质指数与人文因子间存在显著的线性关系和对数关系.最后运用逐步回归法得到了综合人文驱动因子与人口文化素质指数之间的复合线性关系模型.
简介:研究了盐城潮滩芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)、盐蒿(Artemisiaschrenkiana)、互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)和淤泥光滩4种湿地对N、P营养物质的截留效应.在所选取的4种湿地中,分别采集了水、土壤和生物样;水样的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)用过硫酸氧化还原法测定,土壤和生物样的TN、TP分别用凯氏定N法和钼锑抗比色法测定.研究结果显示,不同污染程度的水源灌溉下的芦苇湿地,其截留N、P的效果差异显著.其中,黄沙港不定期污水灌溉的芦苇湿地每年平均可截留TN0.095t/hm^2、TP0.026t/hm^2;而采取三灌三排方式用河水灌溉的新洋港芦苇湿地每年可分别截留TN0.030t/hm^2、TP0.001t/hm^2.比较盐蒿、互花米草和淤泥光滩3种湿地每年对湿地水中N、P的截留效果,淤泥光滩的效果最差,仅截留TN0.385kg/hm^2、TP0.042kg/hm^2;互花米草效果最好,分别截留TN220.660kg/hm^2、TP36.754kg/hm^2.尽管互花米草生物量大于芦苇,但其截留效果仍低于芦苇湿地(芦苇1a收割1次).
简介:选择典型亚热带稻-麦轮作农田,比较不同施加量的玉米芯生物质炭对作物产量、土壤理化性质和CO2排放的影响,并结合同位素分析研究了生物质炭的分解程度及其在水作影响下的田间存留量。结果显示,施加生物质炭显著增加了土壤阳离子交换量和总有机碳含量,降低了土壤CO2排放速率。δ^13C数据表明,生物质炭在施加初期被快速分解,对土壤CO2排放的短期贡献率可达35.95%,但一个生长季后分解微弱;生物质炭在水田中流失明显,一个轮作周期后的田间存留率为17.33%-36.50%。结果表明,生物质炭可提升亚热带水一旱轮作农田土壤碳库并降低土壤CO2排放速率。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
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