简介：-Generallythetoeofthebankslopeinfrontofthepile-supportedpierhastobedredgedtomeettherequirementsofwaterdepthfortheberthofships,whilethetopoftheslopeinrearofthepiermustbebackfilledandelevatedtomakeconnectionswithlandtransportation.Thenthenaturalstateofequilibriumoftheslopeisdestroyed,andsomedeformationanddisplacementareunavoidablyinducedinthesoilmasswhichwillexertanundesirableinfluenceonthepilefoundationofthepier.Thisisatypicalproblemoftheinteractionbetweentheso-called"passivepile"andsurroundingsoil,andhasbeenscarcelystudiedintheliteratureofgeotechnicalengineering.Inthispaper,fieldobservation,modeltestsandnumericalanalysisconductedbytheauthorstostudytheinteractionbetweenpile-supportedpierandbankslopearebrieflydescribedandsomepreliminaryresultsarepresented.

简介：Recentandpaleo-submarinelandslidesarewidelydistributedwithinstrataindeep-waterareasalongcontinentalslopes,uplifts,andcarbonateplatformsonthenorthcontinentalmarginoftheSouthChinaSea(SCS).Inthispaper,high-resolution3Dseismicdataandmultibeamdatabasedonseismicsedimentologyandgeomorphologyareemployedtoassistinidentifyingsubmarinelandslides.Inaddition,depositionmodelsareproposedthatarebasedonspecificgeologicalstructuresandfeatures,andwhichillustratethelocalstressfieldoverentiresubmarinelandslidesindeep-waterareasoftheSCS.TheSCSisoneofthelargestfluvialsedimentsinksinenclosedorsemi-enclosedmarginalseasworldwide.Itthereforeprovidesasetofpreconditionsfortheformationofsubmarinelandslides,includingrapidsedimentaccumulation,formationofgashydrates,andfluidoverpressure.Anewconceptinvolvingtemporalandspatialanalysesistestedtoconstructarelationshipbetweensubmarinelandslidesanddifferenttimescaletriggermechanisms,andthreemechanismsarediscussedinthecontextofspatialscaleandtemporalfrequency:evolutionofslopegradientandoverpressure,globalenvironmentalchanges,andtectonicevents.Submarinelandslidesthataretriggeredbytectoniceventsarethelargestbutoccurlessfrequently,whilesubmarinelandslidestriggeredbythecombinationofslopegradientandoverpressureevolutionarethesmallestbutmostfrequentlyoccurringevents.Insummary,analysisshowsthattheformationofsubmarinelandslidesisacomplexprocessinvolvingtheoperationofdifferentfactorsonvarioustimescales.

简介：Anempiricalformulaforestimatingtheovertoppingdischargeofwind-wavesonasmooth-impermeable-simpleslopedykeisderivedthroughmodeltestsinthispaper,itcanbeadoptedbyrelateddesigndepartmentsinthedeterminationofthecrestelevationofthedyke.

简介：Themild-slopeequationisfamiliartocoastalengineersasitcaneffectivelydescribewavepropagationinnearshoreregions.However,itscomputationalmethodinCartesiancoordinatesoftenrendersthemodelinaccurateinareaswithirregularshorelines,suchasestuariesandharbors.Basedonthehyperbolicmild-slopeequationinCartesiancoordinates,thenumericalmodelinorthogonalcurvilinearcoordinatesisdeveloped.ThetransformedmodelisdiscretizedbythefinitedifferencemethodandsolvedbytheADImethodwithspace-staggeredgrids.Thenumericalpredictionsincurvilinearcoordinatesshowgoodagreementwiththedataobtainedinthreetypicalphysicalexperiments,whichdemonstratesthatthepresentmodelcanbeusedtosimulatewavepropagation,fornormalincidenceandobliqueincidence,indomainswithcomplicatedtopographyandboundaryconditions.

简介：这份报纸考虑在一个温和斜坡(1:40)上宣传的不规则的波浪的非线性的转变。不规则的波浪的二个盒子，机械地基于JONSWAP系列被产生，被用于这个目的。结果显示波浪高度服从瑞利分发在近海地点；在变浅的区域，然而，最大的波浪的高度被理论分布低估。在波浪地区，波浪高度能被合成Weibull分发接近。另外，在不规则的波浪以内联合的非线性的阶段被基于小浪的bicoherence调查。bicoherence系列思考参予联合的阶段的频率模式的数字与减少的水深度增加，，，这做阶段联合的度。在早期的碎以后，尽管阶段联合的度减少，很多更高的泛音波浪模式也涉及非线性的相互作用。而且，加的bicoherence显示与最强壮的本地非线性的相互作用有关的频率模式与减少的水深度变到更高的泛音。

简介：［1］Copeland,G.J.M.,1985.PracticalRadiationStressCalculationsConnectedwithEquationsofWavePropagation,CoastalEngineering,9,195～219.［2］DINGPingxing,KONGYazhenandSHIFengyan,1998.RadiationStressofWaterWavesandItsCalculation,JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity,(1):82～87.(inChinese)［3］Kirby,J.T.andDalrymple,R.A.,1983.AParabolicEquationfortheCombinedRefraction-DiffractionofStokesWavesbyMildlyVaryingTopography,J.FluidMech.,136,453～466.［4］Kirby,J.T.,1986a.RationalApproximationsintheParabolicEquationMethodforWaterWaves,CoastalEngineering,10,355～378.［5］Kirby,J.T.,1986b.OpenLateralBoundaryConditionforApplicationintheParabolicEquationMethod,J.WaterwayPort.CoastalEng.,ASCE,112,460～465.［6］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1960.ChangesintheFormofShortGravityWavesonLongWavesandTidalCurrents,J.FluidMech.,8,565～583.［7］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1961.TheChangesinAmplitudeofShortGravityWavesonSteadyNon.uniformCurrents,J.FluidMech.,10,529～549.［8］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1962.RadiationStressandMassTransportinGravityWaveswithApplicationtoSurfBeats,J.FluidMech.,13,481～504.［9］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1964.RadiationStressinWaterWaves:aPhysicalDiscussionwithApplications,Deep-SeaRes.,11,529～562.［10］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.,1970.LongshoreCurrentsGeneratedbyObliquelyIncidentSeaWaves,J.Geophys,Res.,75,6778～6801.［11］Noda,E.K.,1974.Wave-InducedNearshoreCirculation,J.Geophys.Res.,79,4097～4106.

简介：Newhyperbolicmildslopeequationsforrandomwavesaredevelopedwiththeinclusionofamplitudedispersion.Thefrequencyperturbationaroundthepeakfrequencyofrandomwavesisadoptedtoextendtheequationsforregularwavestorandomwaves.Thenonlineareffectofamplitudedispersionisincorporatedapproximatelyintothemodelbyonlyconsideringthenonlineareffectonthecarrierwavesofrandomwaves,whichisdonebyintroducingarepresentativewaveamplitudeforthecarrierwaves.Thecomputationtimeisgreatlysavedbytheintroductionoftherepresentativewaveamplitude.Theextensionofthepresentmodeltobreakingwavesisalsoconsideredinordertoapplythenewequationstosurfzone.Themodelisvalidatedforrandomwavespropagateoverashoalandinsurfzoneagainstmeasurements.

简介：Becauseofshoaling,refraction,friction,andothereffects,asurface-wavepropagatingonagentlyslopingbottomofslopewilleventuallybreak.Inthispaper,bynonlinearizingtheproblemandusingaperturbationmethod,ananalyticalsolutionforthevelocitypotentialisderivedtothesecondorderforthebottomslopeαandthewavesteepnessεinaEuleriansystem.Then,thewaveprofileandthebreakingwavecharacteristicsarefoundbytransformingtheflowfieldintoaLagrangiansystem.Byuseofthekinematicstabilityparameter(K.S.P.),newtheoreticalbreakercharacteristicsarederived.Thus,thelineartheoriesofotherscholarsareextendedtobreakingwaves.AComparisonofthepresentanalyticalsolutionwithexperimentalstudiesofotherscholarsshowsreasonableagreementexceptthatthebreakingdepthisunderestimated.

简介：Two-andthree-dimensionalfiniteelementanalysisprogramsforpile-soilinteractionarecompiled.Duncan-Chang'sModelisused.Theconstructionsequenceofthepierismodeled.Thepile-soilinterfaceelementisused.Theinfluenceofthecombinationtypeofpilesonthedeformationofbankslopeandpilebehaviourisanalyzed.Differentdesignsofapile-supportedpierarecomparedthoroughly.Calculationresultsshowthatthestressesanddisplacementsofthepilearedirectlyrelatedtothedistancefromthebankslopeandthedirectionofinclination.Aninclinedproppilesetintherearplatformwouldremarkablyreducethestressesofpilesandthedisplacementofthepier.

简介：The28.6dtimeseriesofADCPcurrentsat27depthlevels,(11,15,…,115m)whichareobtainedfromamooringstationatthenorthernSouthChinaSeacontinentalslope,havebeendecomposedintobarotropicandbarocliniccomponents.Theemphasisinthispaperisontheanalysisofthetimeseriesofbarocliniccurrentsbymeansofseveralmethods,suchasthetidalharmonicanalysis,thepowerspectraandthekineticenergyestimation.Themajorresultsareasfollows:(1)Inrespectofthebarocliniccurrents,thevaluesofseveralparametersfirstdecreaseandthenincreasewithdepth.Theseparametersincludethetemporalmeanvalueofthecross-shelfcomponent,thestandarddeviations,theamplitudesofK1constituents,themeaneddykineticenergy,aswellasthesignificantpeaksofthepowerspectraofthecross-shelfcomponents.(2)Thediurnalperiodofthebarocliniccurrentsisdominant.ThediumaltidalcurrentrotatesclockwiseandthemajoraxisofcurrentellipseislocatedalongthedirectionsofNW-SE.Theverticaldistributionofthephasesofthediurnalconstituentvarieswiththedifferentwaterlayers.Aroundthe67mdepthlevel,thephasechangesverymuch.Atthoselayersfarawayfromthe67mdepthlevel,theverticaldistributionofthephaseisrelativelystable,butwithoppositephasesintheupperandlowerwaterlayers.Fortheupperlayersbetweenthesurfaceand67m,thephasesarearound300°;forthelowerlayersbetween67mand115m,thephasesarearound120°.(3)Themeaneddykineticenergyofthebarocliniccurrentisquitelarge,accountingfor41%ofthemeankineticenergyofthemeasuredcurrents.Thecross-shelfcomponentislargerthanthealong-shelfone.Thetwobarocliniccurrentcomponentscorrespondtothemajorandminoraxesofthecurrentellipseofthediurnalconstituentrespectively.(4)Thepowerspectraofthebarocliniccurrentsshowasingnificantperiodofabout24h,with23.6hatboth19mand99mand24.4hat55m.Theverticaldistributionsofthesign

简介：Basedonthemonthlymeansealeveldataobtainedfrom3years′(1999-2001)tide-gaugemeasurements,theannualvariabilityofthesealevelnearQingdaoandJiaozhouBayisstudiedanddiscussedinthispaper.Resultsshowthattheseasurfaceheightatallthetidegaugesbecomeshigherinsummerthanthatinwinter,withanobviousseasonalvariability.Furthermoretheseasurfaceheightmeasuredatashortdistanceoutsidethebayislowerthanthatinthebay,showingaseasurfaceslopedownwardfromnorthtosouth.Thereasonsfortheformationoftheslopeareexplainedaswell,Thedynamicactionofthesummermonsoonandtheseasurfaceslope,andtheireffectsonthemonthlymeancurrentarestudiedbymeansofdynamicsprinciples.Theimportanceofthesummermonsoonandthepressuregradientgeneratedbytheseasurfaceslope,withtheireffectsonthealongshorecurrent,ispointedoutandemphasizedinthispaper.

简介：Thelong-shorecurrentdistributiononamildslopebeachisstudiedbycombiningthenumericalmodelandthephysicalexperiment.Theexperimentsoflong-shorecurrentsundertheactionofregularandirregularwavesareconductedonmildbeacheswithdifferentslopesinawavebasin.Anumericalmodelisestablished,whichincludesawavepropagationmodel,awavebreakingmodelandalong-shorecurrentmodel.Thevalidityofthenumericalmodelisprovedbythecomparisonofitsresultswiththeresultsoftheexperimentalmodel.Itisconcludedthatthewave-inducedlong-shorecurrentisinfluencedsignificantlybytheincidentwaveheight,thewaveangleandthebeachslope.ItsapplicationtotheBohaiBayindicatesthatthewave-inducedcurrentshavethesameorderofmagnitudeasthetidecurrentsinthenear-shorezoneofmillslopebeach.Inthedesignofwastewateroutfalllocationsonamild-slopebeachwithshallowwateroftheBohaiBay,thepositionoftheoutfallshouldbe10kmawayfromtheshoreline,whichisoutsideofthesurf-zone.

简介：Multi-beambathymetryandseismicsequencesurveysinthenorthernslopeoftheSouthChinaSearevealdetailedgeomorphologyandseismicstratigraphycharacteristicsofcanyons,gullies,andmassmovements.ModerncanyonsandgulliesareroughlyelongatedNNW–SSWwithU-shapedcrosssectionsatwaterdepthsof400–1000m.Massmovementsincludeslidecomplexes,slidescars,anddebris/turbidityflows.SlidecomplexesandslidescarsareorientedintheNE–SWdirectionandcoveranareaofabout1790and926km2,respectively.Thedebris/turbidityflowsdevelopedalongthelowerslope.Adetailedfaciesanalysissuggeststhatfourseismicfaciesexist,andthelateCenozoicstratigraphyabovetheacousticbasementcanberoughlysubdividedintothreesequencesseparatedbyregionalunconformitiesinthestudyarea.Theoccurrenceofgashydratesismarkedbyseismicvelocityanomalies,bottom-simulatingreflectors,gaschimneys,andpockmarksinthestudyarea.Seismicobservationssuggestthatmoderncanyonsandmassmovementsformedaroundthetransitionbetweenthelastglacialperiodandthecurrentinterglacialperiod.Thepossibleexistenceanddissociationofgashydratesandtheregionaltectonicsettingmaytriggerinstabilityandmassmovementsontheseafloor.Canyonsmaybethefinalresultofgashydratedissociation.Ourstudyaimstocontributenewinformationthatisapplicabletoengineeringconstructionrequiredfordeep-waterpetroleumexplorationandgashydratesurveysalonganymarginalsea.

简介：Inthispaper,wetakeDLW3101coreobtainedatthetopofthecanyon(nolandslidearea)andDLW3102coreobtainedatthebottomofthecanyon(landslidearea)onthenortherncontinentalslopeoftheSouthChinaSeaasresearchobjects.ThechronostratigraphicframeworkoftheDLW3101coreandelementalstrataoftheDLW3101coreandtheDLW3102coresinceMIS5areestablishedbyanalyzingoxygenisotope,calciumcarbonatecontent,andX-RayFluorescence(XRF)scanningelements.Onthebasisoftheinformationobtainedbyanalyzingthesedimentarystructureandchemicalelementsinthelandslidedeposition,wefoundthattheDLW3102coreshowsfourlayersofsubmarinelandslides,andeachlandslidelayerischaracterizedbyhighSi,K,Ti,andFecontents,therebyindicatingterrigenousclasticsources.L1(2.15–2.44m)occurredinMIS2,whichisaslumpsedimentarylayerwithasmallslidingdistanceandscale.L2(15.48–16.00m)occurredinMIS5andisadebrisflow-depositedlayerwithascaleandslidingdistancethataregreaterthanthoseofL1.L3(19.00–20.90m)occurredinMIS5;itsupperpart(19.00–20.00m)isadebrisflow-depositedlayer,anditslowerpart(20.00–20.90m)isaslidingdepositionlayer.ThelandslidescaleofL3islarge.L4(22.93–24.27m)occurredinMIS5;itsupperpart(22.93–23.50m)isaturbidsedimentarylayer,anditslowerpart(23.50–24.27m)isaslumpsedimentarylayer.ThelandslidescaleofL4islarge.

简介：Benthicforaminiferalanalysisof29samplesinsurfacesedimentsfromthesouthernOki-nawaTroughiscarriedout.Theresultsindicatethatbenthicforaminiferalabundancedecreasesrapidlywithincreasingwaterdepth.PercentagefrequenciesofagglutinatedforaminiferafurtherconfirmthemodemshallowcarbonatelysoclineinthesouthernOkinawaTrough.FromcontinentalshelfedgetothebottomofOkinawaTrough,benthicforaminiferalfaunainthesurfacesedimentscanbedividedinto5assemblages:(1)Continentalshelfbreakassemblage,dominatedbyCibicidespseudoungerianus,corre-spondstosubsurfacewatermassoftheKuroshioCurrent;(2)uppercontinentalslopeassemblage,domi-natedbyCassidulinacarinata,Globocassidulinasubglobosa,correspondstointermediatewatermassoftheKuroshioCurrent;(3)intermediatecontinentalslopeassemblage,dominatedbyUvigerinahispi-da,correspondstotheOkinawaTroughdeepwatermassabovethecarbonatelysocline;(4)lowercon-tinentalslope-troughbottomassemblage,dominatedbyPulleniabulloides,EpistominellaexiguaandCibicidoideshyalinus,correspondstodeepwatermassoftheOkinawaTrough;and(5)troughbottomagglutinatedassemblage,dominatedbyRhabdamminaspp.,Bathysiphonflavidus,correspondstostronglydissolvedenvironmentofthetroughbottom.ThebenthicforaminiferalfaunainthesouthemOkinawaTrougharecontrolledjointlybywatermassesandfoodsupply.Watertemperature,oxygenconcentrationandcarbonatedissolutionofthewatermassesareimportantcontrollingfactorsespeciallyforthecontinentalshelfbreakandtroughbottomassemblages.ThefoodsupplyalsoplaysanimportantroleinthesebenthicforaminiferalassemblagesalongthewestemslopeoftheOkinawaTrough.Boththeabundanceandthe5assemblagesofbenthicforaminiferacorrespondwelltotheorganicmattersupplyalongthecontinentalslopeandalateraltransportofTSM(totalsuspendedmatter)andPOC(particulateorganiccarbon)fromtheshelfbreaktothedeepwaterisal

简介：WhiletheAntarcticSlopeCurrent(ASC)hasbeenintensivelystudiedfortheEastAntarcticaslopeareaandtheWeddellSea,itsfateinthewesternAntarcticPeninsula(WAP)regionremainsmuchlessknown.DatafromtwocruisesconductedneartheSouthShetlandIslands(SSIs)andtheElephantIsland(EI),oneinaustralsummerof2004andoneinaustralwinterof2006,wereanalyzedtoprovideabroadpictureofthecirculationpatternoverthecontinentalslopeofthesurveyedarea,andaninsightintothedynamicalbalanceofthecirculation.Theresultsindicatethatsouthwestwardcurrentsarepresentovertheupperslopeinthestudyarea,indicatingtheASCintheWAPregion.NeartheShackletonGap(SG)northoftheEI,thesouthwestwardslopecurrentsneartheshelfbreakarecharacterizedbyawatermasscolderandfresherthantheambientwater,whichproducescross-slopedensitygradientsandthenverticalshearofthealong-slope(oralong-isobath)velocity.Theverticalshearisassociatedwithareversalofthealong-slopecurrentfromnortheastwardatsurfacetosouthwestwardindeeperlayers,oradepth-intensificationofthesouthwestwardslopecurrents.ThewatermasswithtemperatureandsalinitycharacteristicssimilartotheobservedcoldandfreshwaterisalsorevealedonthesouthernslopeoftheScotiaSea,suggestingthatthiscoldandfreshwaterisoriginatedfromtheScotiaSeaslopeandflowssouthwestwardthroughtheSG.OvertheshelfnorthoftheSSIs,thecoldandfreshwatermassisalsoobservedandoriginatesmainlyfromtheBransfieldStrait.Inthisarea,verticalstructureofthesouthwestwardslopecurrentsisassociatedwiththeonshoreintrusionoftheupperCircumpolarDeepWaterthatcreatescross-slopedensitygradients.