简介:Followingsimilarderivationofquasi-geostrophicQvector(Q~G),anewQvector(Q~N)isconstructedinthisstudy.Theirdifferenceisthatthegeostrophicwindinquasi-geostrophicQvectorisreplacedbythewindinQ~Nvector.ThediagnosticanalysisofQ~NvectoriscomparedwiththatofQ~GvectorinthecasestudyofatypicalMeiyufrontcyclone(MYFC)occurredoverChangjiang-Huaiheregionsduring5-6July1991.TheresultsshowthattheQ~NvectorhasmorediagnosticadvantagesthanQ~Gvectordoes.ConvergenceofQ~Nvectorat700hPaisfoundtobeagoodindicatortomimicthehorizontaldistributionofprecipitation.Q~Nvectorisfurtherpartitionedintofourcomponents:Q_(alst)~N(along-streamstretching),Q_(curv)~N(curvature),Q_(shdv)~N(shearadvection),andQ_(crst)~N(cross-streamstretching)inanaturalcoordinatesystemwithisohypse(PGpartitioning).TheapplicationofQ~NPGpartitioningintheMYFCtorrentialrainindicatesthatPGpartitioningofQ~Ncanidentifydominantphysicalprocesses.Thehorizontaldistributionof2▽·Q_(alst)~Nissimilartothatof2▽·Q~Nandmainlyaccountsfor2▽·Q~NduringtheentireperiodofMeiyu.TheeffectsofQ_(curv)~Nonrainfallenhancementfadefromthematurestagetodecaystage.Q_(shdv)~NenhancesprecipitationsignificantlyastheMYFCdevelops,andtheeffectweakensrapidlywhentheMYFCdecaysduringitseastwardpropagation.Q_(crst)~Nshowslittleimpactsonrainfallduringtheonsetandmaturephaseswhereasitdisplayssignificantroleduringthedecayphase.Q_(alst)~NandQ_(curv)~N,Q_(shdv)~NandQ_(crst)~Nshowcancellationonlyduringthedecayperiod.
简介:Radio-frequencyinterference(RFI)affectsgreatlythequalityofthedataandretrievalproductsfromspace-bornemicrowaveradiometry.AnalysisoftheAdvancedMicrowaveScanningRadiometerontheEarthObservingSystem(AMSR-E)AquasatelliteobservationsrevealsverystrongandwidespreadRFIcontam-inationsontheC-andX-banddata.Fortunately,thestrongandmoderateRFIsignalscanbeeasilyidentifiedusinganindexonobservedbrightnesstemperaturespectrum.ItistheweakRFIthatisdiffi-culttobeseparatedfromthenaturesurfaceemission.Inthisstudy,anewalgorithmisproposedforRFIdetectionandcorrection.Thesimulatedbrightnesstemperatureisusedasabackgroundsignal(B)andadepartureoftheobservationfromthebackground(O-B)isutilizedfordetectionofRFI.ItisfoundthattheO-Bdeparturecanresultfromeitheranaturalevent(e.g.,precipitationorflooding)oranRFIsignal.AseparationbetweenthenatureeventandRFIisfurtherrealizedbasedonthescatteringindex(SI).ApositiveSIindexandlowbrightnesstemperaturesathighfrequenciesindicateprecipitation.IntheRFIcorrection,arelationshipbetweenAMSR-Emeasurementsat10.65GHzandthoseat18.7or6.925GHzisfirstdevelopedusingtheAMSR-EtrainingdatasetsunderRFI-freeconditions.ContaminationofAMSR-Emeasurementsat10.65GHzisthenpredictedfromtheRFI-freemeasurementsat18.7or6.925GHzusingthisrelationship.ItisshownthatAMSR-EmeasurementswiththeRFI-correctionalgorithmhavebetteragreementwithsimulationsinavarietyofsurfaceconditions.
简介:基于从threedimensional的方程推出的垂直涡度的Lagrangian变化方程旋涡的Ertel潜在的涡度(PVe),发展和运动从潜在的涡度并且diabatic加热(PV-Q)的看法被调查。在在垂直、水平的罐头加热的不一致的diabatic的旋涡的不对称的分发导致旋涡发展和运动,这被表明。理论结果被用来分析旋涡(TPV)出现在TP上,然后滑动了在下面并且移动的一个西藏的高原(TP)的发展和运动在2008年7月下旬东方,在四川省并且沿着长江的中间、更低的活动范围导致重降雨。对TPV的垂直涡度发展的相对贡献被分解成三部分:加热的diabatic,在PVe的水平部件的变化(定义为PV2),并且在静态的稳定性z的变化。结果证明在大多数情况中,加热的diabatic起主要作用,当当空气变得更稳定,并且当空气接近中立层化时,有积极贡献时,z的变化通常在稳定的气氛有否定影响时,在PV2由变化列在后面。当它在四川盆的东北边的起来斜坡上高举了时,从2008年7月主要由于diabatic加热的0600~1200UTC22的TPV的增强在TPV的东方方面上与降水联系了。加热的diabatic的垂直坡度成为积极(否定)PVe产生在下面(在上面)加热的diabatic的最大值;积极PVe产生不仅加强低级旋涡而且提高它高举的旋涡的垂直程度。在PVe的变化由于加热的diabatic的水平坡度取决于垂直通过加热的diabatic的中心的水平风砍。加热的diabatic的水平坡度成为积极(否定)在右(左)的PVe产生方面垂直水平风砍。右边上的积极PVe产生垂直水平风砍不仅加强本地垂直涡度而且影响TPV的运动的方向。这些诊断结果在对从PV-Q看法开发的理论上的结果的好同意。
简介:用被动微波辐射计的陆地检索对在陆地亮度温度的小变化敏感。因此,无线电频率干扰(射频干扰)发信号发出从人造微波放射传输器能在陆地检索导致大错误。在隧道能遥远地污染的C乐队和X乐队的射频干扰察觉到大小,经历了与扫描辐射计(AMSR-E)和WindSat传感器的先进微波。在这个工作,射频干扰察觉的应用程序和在从AMSR-E大小使用检索地球物理的参数的一间全面套房的修正算法,一个维的变化检索(1-DVAR)方法被描述。结果显示检索参数的值例如陆地皮肤温度(LST),在射频干扰污染的这些区域上比从全球数据吸收系统(GDAS)的那些高得多产品。结果也显示新检索和GDAS产品之间的差别通过考虑RFI修正算法显然被减少。另外,1-DVAR的集中度量标准(2)被发现是为识别陆地检索被射频干扰影响的区域的一个新方法。例如在有强壮得多的射频干扰的那些区域,例如欧洲和日本,<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>1-DVAR的2那么大集中不能被到达,检索结果不能是可靠的或不能被获得。而且,<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>2也与中等或弱的射频干扰为那些区域与改正射频干扰的算法减少。射频干扰的结果检测了由<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>2与那些识别了由几乎一致光谱差别方法。
简介:TheElNino-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)ismodulatedbymanyfactors;mostpreviousstudieshaveemphasizedtherolesofwindstressandheatfluxinthetropicalPacific.Freshwaterflux(FWF)isanotherenvironmentalforcingtotheocean;itseffectandtherelatedoceansalinityvariabilityintheENSOregionhavebeenofincreasedinterestrecently.Currently,accuratequantificationsoftheFWFrolesintheclimateremainchallenging;therelatedobservationsandcoupledocean-atmospheremodelinginvolvelargeelementsofuncertainty.Inthisstudy,weutilizedsatellite-baseddatatorepresentFWF-inducedfeedbackinthetropicalPacificclimatesystem;wethenincorporatedthesedataintoahybridcoupledocean-atmospheremodel(HCM)toquantifyitseffectsonENSO.AnewmechanismwasrevealedbywhichinterannualFWFforcingmodulatesENSOinasignificantway.Asadirectforcing,FWFexertsasignificantinfluenceontheoceanthroughseasurfacesalinity(SSS)andbuoyancyflux(QB)inthewestern-centraltropicalPacific.TheSSSperturbationsdirectlyinducedbyENSO-relatedinterannualFWFvariabilityaffectthestabilityandmixingintheupperocean.Atthesametime,theENSO-inducedFWFhasacompensatingeffectonheatflux,actingtoreduceinterannualQBvariabilityduringENSOcycles.TheseFWF-inducedprocessesintheoceantendtomodulatetheverticalmixingandentrainmentintheupperocean,enhancingcoolingduringLaNinaandenhancingwarmingduringElNino,respectively.TheinterannualFWFforcing-inducedpositivefeedbackactstoenhanceENSOamplitudeandlengthenitstimescalesinthetropicalPacificcoupledclimatesystem.
简介:
简介:Inthispaper,wefirstanalyzedclouddriftwind(CDW)datadistributionintheverticaldirection,andthenreassignedtheheightofeveryCDWintheresearchdomainintermsofbackgroundinformation,andfinally,conductedcontrastnumericalexperimentsofassimilatingtheCDWdatabeforeandafterreassignmenttoexaminetheimpactsontheforecastofthetrackofTyphoonChanthu(1003)from00:00(CoordinatedUniversalTime)21Julyto00:00UTC23July,2010.TheanalysisresultsoftheCDWdataindicatethatthenumberofCDWsismainlydistributedinthemidandupper-troposphereabove500hPa,withthemaximumnumberatabout300hPa.Theheightreassigningmethodmentionedinthisworkmayupdatetheheighteffectively,andtheCDWdataaredistributedreasonablyandnoobviouscontradictionoccursinthehorizontaldirectionafterheightreassignment.Afterassimilatingtheheight-reassignedCDWdata,especiallythewatervaporCDWdata,theinitialwindfieldaroundTyphoonChanthu(1003)becamemorereasonable,andthenthesteeringcurrentleadingthetyphoontomovetothecorrectlocationbecamestronger.Asaresult,thenumericaltrackpredictionsareimproved.
简介:利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均风场资料和中国东部120个站的降水资料,分析了1951--2010年北半球冬季110°-120°E经向环流的气候特征,定义了北半球冬季110°-120°E低纬Hadley环流和中高纬气流强度指数,并分析了其强度的长期变化趋势以及对中国东部同期降水的影响。结果表明:(1)北半球冬季110°-120°E经向环流主要包括低纬Hadley环流和中高纬度从高层到低层较-致的偏北下沉气流。(2)北半球冬季110°-120°EHadley环流和中高纬气流强度有明显的年际和年代际变化,二者在长期变化趋势上表现-致,即在1990年以前呈约20a的振荡周期,且波动更大,而在1990年以后呈约10a的振荡周期,波动相对较小。(3)北半球冬季110°-120°E经向环流强度指数对中国东部同期降水的年际变率具有较高的解释率,二者在统计上呈显著的负相关关系。北半球冬季110°-120°EHadley环流强度和中国东部同期降水相关程度大值区集中在江南、华南及江淮地区,中高纬气流强度和中国东部同期降水相关程度大值区集中在西北、江淮及江南地区。(4)东亚地区冬季经向环流异常的显著差异主要表现在中高纬度反向的异常气流和中低纬度反向异常环流圈的变化。强(弱)经向风年,北半球中高纬度从高层到低层为异常的偏北(南)气流,中低纬度对流层存在顺时针(逆时针)方向闭合的异常经向环流,对应中国东部降水显著减少(增多)。