简介：Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.

简介：传统的地层压力预测方法大都建立在地层欠压实机理之上,对于由其它因素引起的异常高压现象未必适用。Yassir等（1999）发现异常地层压力通常与异常水平应力有密切联系,异常高压带的最大主应力往往很大。基于此,在分析重力场和构造应力场的双重应力场特征基础上,本次研究首先通过常规测井资料建立构造稳定地区的最大主应力的计算模型,将利用该模型计算构造挤压强烈的非稳定地区的主应力结果定义为虚拟最大主应力,再结合相对构造应力的贡献值得到最大主应力,最后在一定的超压范围之内,根据最大主应力与地层压力的拟合关系预测地层压力。通过对A气田的实际资料处理表明,利用该方法得到的地层压力预测值与实际测量值吻合较好,预测精度较传统的等效深度法有明显的提高。

简介：High-qualityseismicgeometryisthekeytoobtainhigh-qualityseismicdata,andcanaffecttheaccuracyofdataprocessingandimaging.Basedontheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenthequalityofthegeometryandthefouracquisitionparameters(thenumberoftraces,shotlinespacing,andthespaceandnumberofreceiverlines),aqualityevaluationmethodofthegeometrybasedoncomprehensivequalityfactor(CQF)isproposed,andtherelationshipbetweenthegeometryqualityandthefourparametersisgiven.WeusefielddatacollectedinanoilfieldinWesternChinawithcomplexgeology:Firstweuseawideazimuthgeometry.Then,wecalculatetherelationshipcurvebetweengeometryanddataqualitybyvaryingeachparameterwhilekeepingtherestfixed.andtheanalysisresultsaregivenbyusingtheCQFevaluationmethod.Theresultsshowthattheshot-linespacinghasthegreatesteffectonthequalityofthegeometry,andtheincreaseofthereceiverlinespacingcanappropriatelyimprovethequalityofthegeometry,andtheincreaseofthenumberofreceivingtracescanimprovethegeometryquality.Thedifferentacquisitionparametershavedifferenteffectsontheimagingqualityofshallowanddeepevents.Themodelforwardandprestackdepthmigrationareusedtogenerateprestackdepthmigrationprofileswithdifferentacquisitionparameters.Theimagingresultsareconsistentwiththeabovecalculatedresults.Accordingtothedepthofthetargetlayer,thequalityfactorevaluationmethodisappliedtoguidethedesignofthegeometryandoptimizetheacquisitionparameterstoimprovetheimagingaccuracyofseismicdata.

简介：逆时偏移被认为是处理陡倾角断层、回转波和逆掩推覆构造最有效的成像方法。考虑到当今勘探对地下复杂构造体、薄互层和隐蔽储层的高分辨率成像需求，井间、井中地震资料成为地面地震资料的一个很重要的补充。但由于地面地震、井中地震和井间地震存在很大的频率差异，本文将相应的变网格算法应用到偏移中。另外，也将Lanczos滤波引入到波场外推计算中，从而可以很好地消除变网格引起的人为反射。试算表明，对比地面、井中和井间的偏移，可以看到微构造、陡反射层都得到了更好地刻画和描述。基于变网格的逆时偏移在储层预测和岩性解释方面有广阔的应用前景。

简介：常规地震观测系统设计方法基于地下水平层状介质的假设,通常不能适应复杂构造情况。我们从控制照明的思想出发,提出了一种面向目标成像的地震观测系统设计方法,该方法需要一个由初步地震解释得到的速度模型。利用单程傅立叶有限差分波场传播算子将目标层的平面源延拓到地表,通过分析从目标层延拓到地表的波场能量的分布,可以确定目标层成像所需要的炮点或者检波点的位置。利用SEG-EAGE盐丘模型数值试算结果表明,该方法用于设计面向目标成像的特定地震采集系统。