简介：

简介：Threekindsofcommercialactivatedcarbons,suchasNoritRB1,MonolithandChemvironactivatedcarbons,wereusedasadsorbentsforadsorptionofdibenzofuran.Theaverageporesizeandspecificsurfaceareaoftheseactivatedcarbonsweremeasured.TemperatureProgrammedDesorption(TPD)experimentswereconductedtomeasuretheTPDcurvesofdibenzofuranontheactivatedcarbons,andthentheactivationenergyfordesorptionofdibenzofuranontheactivatedcarbonswasestimated.TheresultsshowedthattheChemvironandtheNoritRB1activatedcarbonmaintainedhigherspecificsurfaceareaandlargermicroporeporevolumeincomparisonwiththeMonolithactivatedcarbon,andtheactivationenergyforthedesorptionofdibenzofuranonthesetwoactivatedcarbonswashigherthanthatontheMonolithactivatedcarbon.Thesmallertheporeoftheactivatedcarbonwas,thehighertheactivatedenergyofdibenzofurandesorptionwas.

简介：Apoptosisisprimarilyexecutedbyactivecaspases,whicharederivedfromtheinactiveprocaspasezymogensthroughproteolyticcleavage.Wedeterminedthecrystalstructuresofacaspasezymogen,procaspase-7,andanactivecaspase-7withoutanyboundinhibitors.Comparedtotheinhibitor-boundcaspase-7,procaspase-7zymogenexhibitssignificantstructuraldifferencessurroundingthecatalyticcleft,whichprecludestheformationofaproductiveconformation.Proteolyticcleavageinbetweenthelargeandsmallsubunitsallowsrearrangementofessentialloopsintheactivesite,primingactivecaspase-7forinhibitor/substratebinding.Strikingly,bindingbyinhibitorscausesa180-degree-flippingoftheN-terminusinthesmallsubunit,whichinteractswithandstabilizesthecatalyticcleft.Theseanalysesrevealthestructuralmechanismsofcaspaseactivationanddemonstratethattheinhibitor/substratebindingisaprocessof

简介：Uponencounteringtheantigen(Ag),theimmunesystemcaneitherdevelopaspecificimmuneresponseofenteraspecificstateofunresponsiveness,tolerance.TheresponseofBcellstotheirspecificAgcanbeactivationandproliferation,leadingtotheimmuneresponse,oranergyandactivation-inducedcelldeath(AICD),leadingtotolerance.AICDinBlymphocytesisahighlyregulatedeventinitiatedbycrosslinkingoftheBcellreceptor(BCR).BCRengagementinitiatesseveralsignalingeventssuchasactivationofPLCγ,Ras,andPI3K,whichgenerallyspeaking,leadtosurvival.However,intheabsenceofsurvivalsignals(CD40orIL-4Rengagement),BCRcrosslinkingcanalsopromoteapoptoticsignaltransductionpathwayssuchasactivationofeffectorcaspases,expressionofpro-apoptoticgenes,andinhibitionofpro-survivalgenes.ThecomplexinterplaybetweensurvivalanddeathsignalsdeterminestheBcellfateand,consequently,theimmuneresponse.

简介：PreviousstudieshaveshownthatoligodeoxynucleotidescontainingunmethylatedCpGmotifswereusedasadjuvantsforimmunoregulationandimmuneresponse.ThisstudywastoexploretheactivationeffectsofBifidobacteriaDNAcontainingunmethylatedCpGmotifs(CpGDNA)onmurinemacrophageJ774A.1cells.ThegenomicDNAofBifidobacteriawasextractedandpurified,andthemethylationdegreeofCpGmotifswastested.Thephagocyticabilityofthemacrophageswasdetectedbyflowcytometry.Thecytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12p40andTNF-α)levelsintheculturesupernatantsofBifidobacteriaDNAtreatedJ774A.1cellswereassayedbyELISA.Thecontentofnitricoxide(NO)wasdetectedbyGriessreagent.AftertreatedwithBifidobacteriaDNAfor24h,NileRedstainincreasedinJ774A.1macrophage,whichsuggestedthatthelipidmetabolismincreasedinthemacrophages.ThephagocyticabilityandlevelsofNOandcytokinesofIL-1β,IL-6,IL-12p40andTNF-αweresignificantlyhigherthanPBSgroupandCTDNAgroup.TheresultsindicatedthatBifidobacteriaDNAcouldactivatemurinemacrophagesJ774A.1,whichcouldprovidescientificbasisfortheresearchandapplicationofmicroorganismDNApreparation.

简介：AIMToassessdietarymyo-inositolinreducingstemcellactivationincolitis,andvalidatepβ-cateninS552asabiomarkerofrecurrentdysplasia.METHODSWeexaminedtheeffectsofdietarymyo-inositoltreatmentoninflammation,pβ-cateninS552andpAktlevelsbyhistologyandwesternblotinIL-10-/-anddextransodiumsulfate-treatedcoliticmice.Additionally,weassessednuclearpβ-cateninS552inpatientstreatedwithmyo-inositolinaclinicaltrial,andinpatientswithandwithoutahistoryofcolitis-induceddysplasia.RESULTSInmice,pβ-cateninS552stainingfaithfullyreportedtheeffectsofmyo-inositolinreducinginflammationandintestinalstemcellactivation.Inapilotclinicaltrialofmyo-inositoladministrationinpatientswithahistoryoflowgradedysplasia（LGD）,twopatientshadreducednumbersofintestinalstemcellactivationcomparedtotheplacebocontrolpatient.Inhumans,pβ-cateninS552stainingdiscriminatedulcerativecolitispatientswithahistoryofLGDfromthosewithbenigndisease.CONCLUSIONEnumeratingcryptswithincreasednumbersofpβ-cateninS552-positivecellscanbeutilizedasabiomarkerincolitis-associatedcancerchemopreventiontrials.

简介：Theeffectoftheimprovementofcommercialactivatedcarbon(AC)onitsspecificcapacitanceandhighratecapabilityofdoublelayer(dl)charging/dischargingprocesshasbeenstudied.TheimprovementofACwascarriedoutviaasecondaryactivationundersteaminthepresenceofcatalystNiCl2,andthesuitableconditionwasfoundtobeaheattreatmentatabout875℃for1h.Underthoseconditions,thedischargespecificcapacitanceoftheimprovedACincreasesupto53.67F/g,showinganincreaseofabout25%ascomparedwiththatofas-receivedAC.Thegoodrectangular-shapedvoltammogramsandA.C.impedancespectraprovethatthehighratecapabilityofthecapacitormadeoftheimprovedACisenhancedsignificantly.Thecapacitanceresistance(RC)timeconstantofthecapacitorcontainingtheimprovedACis1.74s,whichismuchlowerthanthatoftheonecontainingas-receivedAC(anRCvalueof4.73s).ItisnotedthatbothkindsofACsamplesshowasimilarspecificsurfaceareaandporesizedistribution,butsomechangeshavetakenplaceinthecarbonsurfacegroups,especiallyadecreaseintheconcentrationofsurfacecarbonylgroupsaftertheimprovement,whichhavebeenverifiedbymeansofX-photoelectronspectroscopy.Accordingly,itissuggestedthatthedecreaseintheconcentrationofsurfacecarbonylgroupsfortheimprovedACisbeneficialtotheorganicelectrolyteionpenetratingintothepores,thusleadingtotheincreaseinboththespecificcapacitanceandhighratecapabilityofthesupercapacitor.

简介：Activation-inducedcelldeath(AICD),whichresultsfromtheinteractionbetweenFasandFasligand,isresponsibleformaintainingtolerancetoself-antigen.AdefectinAICDmayleadtodevelopmentofautoimmunity.Duringthelastseveralyears,muchprogresshasbeenmadeinunderstandingthemechanism(s)ofAICDanditspotentialroleinthepathogenesisofautoimmunediseases.Inthisreview,wesummarizethemostrecentprogressontheregulationofthesusceptibilityofTcellstoAICDanditspossibleinvolvementinautoimmunediseases.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherphotoreceptornecroptosisinducedbyz-VAD-FMK(pancaspaseinhibitor)wasinvolvedtheactivationofautophagyandwhetherNecrostatin-1,aspecificnecroptosisinhibitor,couldinhibitthisinductionofautophagyafterexperimentalretinaldetachment.METHODS:ExperimentalretinaldetachmentmodelswerecreatedinSprague-Dawleyratsbysubretinalinjectionofsodiumhyaluronateandsubretinalinjectionsofz-VAD-FMK,vehicleorz-VAD-FMKplusNecrostatin-1.Threedaysafterretinaldetachment,morphologicchangeswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Inotheranimals,retinasweresubjectedtoimmunoprecipitationandWesternBlotting,thenprobedwithanti-RIP1,phosphoserine,LC-3IIorcaspase8antibody.RESULTS:Itwasprovedbyimmunoprecipitationandwesternblotting,thatphotoreceptornecroptosiswasmediatedbycaspase-8inhibitionandreceptorinteractingproteinkinase(RIP1)phosphorylationactivation.TransmissionelectronmicroscopeandwesternblottingresultsindicatedthatphotoreceptornecroptosiswasinvolvedtheLC-3IIandautophagosomesinduction.WealsodiscoveredNecrostatin-1couldinhibitRIP1phosphorylationandLC-3IIinduction.CONCLUSION:Thesedatafirstlyindicatephotoreceptornecroptosisisassociatedwiththeactivationofautophagy.Necrostatin-1protectsphotoreceptorsfromnecroptosisandautophagybydown-regulationofRIP1phosphorylationandLC-3II.

简介：GelatinaseA(MMP-2)isconsideredtoplayacriticalroleincellmigrationandinvasion.Theproteinaseiscercetedfromthecellasaninactivezymogen.InvivoitispostulatedthatactivationofprogelationaseA(proMMP-2)takesplaceonthecellsurfacemediatedbymembrane-typematrixmetalloproteinases(MT-MMPs).RecentstudieshavedemonstratedthatproMMP-2isrecruitedtothecellsurfacebyinteractingwithtissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2)boundtoMT1-MMPbyformingaternarycomplex.FreeMT1-MMPcloselylocatedtotheternarycomplexthenactivatesproMMP-2onthecellsurface.MT1-MMPisfoundinculturedinvasivecancercellsattheinvadopodia.TheMT-MMP/TIMP-2/MMP-2systemthusprovideslocalizedexpressionofproteolysisoftheextracellularmatrixrequiredforcellmigration.

简介：TheMcsozoictcctono-magmaticActivationofSouthAmericanplatformhasformedimportantmin-craldepositsintheBorboremaProvince,NorthcasternBrazilSeveralfeatureshaveformedduringthisaetivationevent:disruptivefaultsandfractures;volcanismandigneousintrusions;sedimentarybasinsandthinscattercdcovers.BorboremaProvin

简介：Afusionbreedermightbeanessentialintermediateapplicationoffusionenergyatearlierterm,sinceithasthepotentialtoprovideplentyofcommercialfissilefuel.Basedonfusionphysicsandtechnologiesavailableatpresentandinthenearfuture,therealisticfusionexperimentalbreeder,FEB-Ewasdesigned.

简介：Microwaveradiationwasappliedtothedetectionofmetamizoiesodiumbycyclicvoltammetry.TheelectrochemicalcharacteristicsofmetamizoiesodiumwerestudiedbycyclicvoltammetryatGCelectrodeundermicrowaveradiationandaconsiderablecurrentenhancementwasobservedformetamizoiesodiuminaqueous0.05mol/LH_2SO_4.Undertheoptionalconditions,metamizoiesodiumwasdeterminedintheabsenceandpresenceofmicrowaveactivation.Intheabsenceofmicrowaveactivationcyclicvoltammogramofmetamizoiesodiumshowsgoodlinearrelationshipinaconcentrationrangeof8.0×10~(-5)—1.0×10~(-3)mol/Linaqueous0.05mol/LH_2SO_4withadetectionlimitof6.75×10~(-6)mol/L(S/N=3)andtheequationoflinearregressionisI_p=12.973c-0.1905(R~2=0.9996,n=6);inthepresenceof80Wmicrowaveactivationcyclicvoltammogramofmetamizoiesodiuminshowsgoodlinearrelationshipinaconcentrationrangeof4.0×10~(-5)—1.0×10~(-3)mol/Linaqueous0.05mol/LH_2SO_4withadetectionlimitof4.41×10~(-6)mol/L(S/N=3)andtheequationoflinearregressionisI_p=25.107c-0.1193(R~2=0.9973,n=7).Thecurrentinthepresenceof80Wmicrowaveactivationincreasestoabout2ordersofmagnitudecomparedwiththatintheabsenceofmicrowaveactivation.Theproposedmethodinthepresenceofmicrowaveactivationshowedhighselectivityandsensitivity,andthesamplingofthedisposalmethodissimple.ThemethodwasverifiedbythedeterminationofMetamizoieSodiumtabletwithsatisfactoryresults.

简介：AnewmethodofNeutronActivationAnalysis(NAA)forsedimentmovementstudyispresentedinthispaper.Throughanalyzingthenaturalsediment,theinformationaboutnaturaltracingagentshasbeenobtained,whichcanshowthedirectionofsedimentmovementandrelativedischargeofsedimenttransportation.Testresultsinsomeareas,suchasShantouHarbourandHangzhouBay,areingoodagreementwiththosefromnormalhydrologicmeasurementsandsomeresultsarenotobtainablewiththelatter.TheNAAiseconomical,practicalandreliable,andshouldbewidelyusedinengineeringpractice.

简介：Followingsuccessfulimplementationofselectiveoxida-tionofmethaneintomethanolatlowtemperature(80℃)throughsettingupacirculatingsystemofmultipleelectronpairstheDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics(DICP)hasmadenewstrideinthefundamentalresearchondirectacti-vationofmethane.ThisinstitutebymeansofcollaborationwiththeUSWestPacificNationalLaboratoryhasacquired

简介：

简介：SouthChina,whichislocatedatthesouthcrnscetionofEasternAsiaCrust,isknownasanuraniummetallogcncticprovincewiththe2/3totalexploreduraniumreservesinChinawhichmainlycomefromvolcanicrock,gtanitc,andC.S,M.rocktyPeoredcposits.Thescdcpositsaretheproductsofsevcralgcologicalprocesscsonuraniumandothcrclcmcntsdu

简介：在这篇论文，我们以速度在二台一致机器上调查安排问题的变体1；s。为这个问题，我们被给二台潜在的一致机器处理独立工作的一个序列。机器需要在开始到过程前被激活，；激活的每台机器招致固定机器激活费用。没有机器开始被激活，；当一个工作被揭示时，算法有选择激活新机器。目的是最小化makes平底锅的和；机器激活费用。我们与竞争比率设计最佳的联机算法(2s+1)为每s≥1的/(s+1)。

简介：T助手(Th)系被在极化期间与anti-CD3/CD28抗体激活CD4房间在vitro产生了。然而，生理地，Th系的产生被介绍抗原的房间(APC)被有特定的抗原的激活介绍。这里，我们使用了T房间受体(TCR)当在二个激活模式中的任何一个一个产生了时，比较Th1，Th9和Th17系的显型的转基因的老鼠。对母鸡鸡蛋溶解酵素(司死亡及冥府的女神)特定的系Th房间，采纳地被变成转基因地在他们的透镜表示司死亡及冥府的女神的接受者老鼠。显著差别在Th1，Th9或Th17的系之间被发现，在他们的能力在二个模式中的任何一个一个产生了移居到并且在接受者怒气并且，重要地增殖在接受者老鼠眼睛导致发炎。实质的差别也在他们某些chemokines和chemokine受体的抄本表示侧面在系对之间被观察。然而，令人惊讶地，靠近的类似在三显型的系的抄本表示侧面之间被观察，由一样的模式激活。而且，二个激活模式产生的Th房间系在他们基因表示的模式更加不同，由microarray分析监视了，但是与一样的激活模式产生的另外的显型的系展出了公共。这研究因此证明激活与anti-CD3/CD28抗体产生的(i)Th系不同于antigen/APC产生的系；并且(ii)激活的模式决定主要抄本的表示侧面到大程度。

简介：Theactivationandselectiveconversionofenergy-relatedmoleculesisanimportantresearchareaofenergychemistry.Thedepletionofpetroleumhasstimulatedresearchactivitiesintotheutilizationofnon-petroleumcarbonresourcessuchasnaturalgas(includingconventionaland