简介:Monitoring.We,ecologists,hearthewordnearlyeveryday.Fromthemostunexpectedcornersthiswordspringsout,muchusedandabused.Oneonehand,itisoftenusedbymypeerstojustifytheirwork,theirprojectoreventheirexistenceasscientists.Theyclaimtodousefulwork,becausetheymonitorsomephenomenonoranother.This,goesthear-
简介:Recently,IattendedaconferenceorganisedbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthorityinthebeautifulandprosperousItaliancityofParma.Theoveralltopicoftheconferencewasriskassessment,andtheprogramincludedasectiononaspectsofenvironmentalriskassessment.Invariousareas,includingtheevalutionoftheeffectsofpesticideapplications,invasiveorganismsorgeneticallymodifiedplants(Arpaiaetal.,2014)preparinganenvironmentalriskassessmentisanobviouslyrelevantexercise.
简介:Thebrownstinkbug(BSB),Euschistusservus(Say)(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae),isaseriouseconomicpestofcornproductioninthesoutheasternUnitedStates.TheBSBpopulationdynamicswasmonitoredfor17weeksfromtasselingtopreharvestofcornplants(i.e.,lateMaytomid-September)usingpheromonetrapsinthreecornfieldsfrom2005to2009.ThetrapdatashowedtwopeaksinearlyJuneandmid-August,respectively.Therelationshipbetweentrapcatchandpregrowingseasonweatherdatawasexaminedusingcorrelationandstepwisemultiplefactorregressionanalyses.Weatherindicesusedfortheanalyseswereaccumulatedgrowingdegreeday(AGDD),numberofdayswithminimumtemperaturebelow0℃(Subz),accumulateddailymaximum(AMaxT)andminimumtemperatures(AMinT)andrainfall(ARain).Theweatherindiceswerecalculatedwithlower(10℃)andupper(35℃)asbiologicalthresholds.Theparametersusedinregressionanalysiswereseasonalabundance(oroverallmeanofBSBadultcatch)(BSBm),numberofBSBadultscaughtatapeak(PeakBSB),andpeakweek(Peakwk).TheBSBmwasnegativelyrelatedtohightemperature(AmaxTorAGDD)consistently,whereasIstPeakBSBwaspositivelycorrelatedtobothARainandSubz,irrespectiveofweatherdatadurations(thefirst4,4.5,and5months).Incontrast,the7-monthweatherdata(AGDD7)werenegativelycorrelatedtotheBSBmonly,butnotcorrelatedtothesecondPeakBSB.The5-yearmonitoringstudydemonstratedthatweatherdatacanbeusedtopredicttheBSBabundanceatitsfirstpeakintasselingcornfieldsinthesoutheasternU.S.states.