Anewseabedsedimentfidelitysamplerwasdevelopedanditsthermalinsulationperformancewasstudiedandanalyzed.Thetemperaturedistributionsimulationindicatedthatthesamplequalitycouldbeinsuredbyusingthisnewsampler.BasedonANSYS10,thetemperaturefiniteelementmodelofthesamplecylinderwasestablished.Accordingtothelawofconservationofenergy,theunsteadyheattransmitequationofthesamplerundersolid-liquidcouplingconditionwasderived,thenthemathematicalmodelcalculationwascarriedoutbyusingamixedfinite-elementfinite-differencemethod,andtwothermalinsulationmethodswereused.Thesimulationwascarriedoutbyusingthethicknessofthethermalinsulationlayerandheatconductivityasthevariableparametersandthetemperaturedistributionofthesamplerandrelatedinfluencingfactorswereobtained.Optimizationanalysiswasconductedusingthesimulationdataandrelatedparametersandthemagnituderangesoftheparameterswereobtainedthatcouldmeetthedesigntemperaturerequirements.Theexperimentaldataandsimulationresultsindicatedthattheresultswereingoodagreementwiththerealities,andthissamplermightbeofvalueforseabedsedimentsamplerdesignandmanufacture.