Atrialfibrillation(AF),themostcommonlyencoun-teredarrhythmiainclinicalpractice,isassociatedwitha2-foldincreaseintotalcardiovascularmortality[1],aswellasthepotentialforsubstantialmorbidity,includingstroke,congestiveheartfailure,andcardiomyopathy.Itsincidenceandprevalenceareincreasing,anditrepresentsagrowingclinicalandeconomicburden.Owingtorela-tiveinefficacyandside