Aland-lockedstatethreetimesthesizeofFranceborderedbyRussiatothenorthandChinatothesouth,Mongoliaisfarawayfrommoderatingmaritimeinfluences.Afterashort,pleasantsummer,whenthetemperaturecangoupto30degrees,thelongwintercanproduceJanuarytemperaturesbelow-40inthecapitalUlanBator.Thisismuchcolderthanwouldbeexpectedforalatitudeof47degreesNorth.Amajorfactorinthisisthewindwhich,whenitblowsfromthenorth,canquicklylowertemperatures.