农民组织问题:从农民的视角看

农民组织问题:从农民的视角看
【中文摘要】 2006年10月31日,《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》经十届全国人大常委会第二十四次会议审议通过,由中华人民共和国主席令第57号予以公布,自2007年7月1日起施行。它实际上意味着国家开始从法律层面上重视农民组织与农民权益的关系问题。在当代中国农村,农民还经常面对着政治、经济、文化和社会权利受到侵害的风险。基层农村政权的“行政化”倾向严重削弱了它代表和维护农民切身利益的功能。农民为了维护自身权益采取了多种形式的维权活动,甚至出现了各种农民抗争组织。这些农民维权抗争组织的出现,在某种意义上表明在国家对政治资源垄断与控制的情况下,农民因谈判机制缺乏会产生对“组织性力量”的需要;但由于这些农民维权组织大都还处在自发组织阶段,其活动方式和控制能力均存在诸多问题。对当代中国农民权益维护过程中农民组织问题的深入研究,具有一定的政治敏感性和学术挑战性。其政治敏感性在于主流意见目前还主要将农民组织视为影响社会稳定的重要因素;而学术挑战性则是指国内研究者多将其视为研究的禁区,目前鲜有真正重要的研究成果。本文试图借鉴已有的对农民组织的一般研究,从一种新的视角对农民权益维护中的组织问题做初步分析。本文指出:农民是受农民理性支配的,农民在权益受损的情况下会选择组织维权,而农民理性的特殊性又在于它还受到其他因素的影响。通过对农民选择组织的行动分析,我们可以看到政府与农民、农民组织的关系,及政府在农民组织化过程中的角色和地位也需要重新定位。

【英文摘要】 The Law of Peasants' Specialized Cooperative Community was passed in the twenty-fourth meeting of the tenth session of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, which was also promulgated as the fifty-seventh Announcement of the Chairman of People's Republic of China, on October 31st, 2006. The law will take effect from July 1st, 2007. It really means that the country starts to value the relation between peasants' organizations and peasants' rights in terms of legislation.In the countryside of contemporary China, peasants often face the risk of offences of their rights in politics, economics, culture and society. Because the basic rural political power can not stand for and protect the peasants' vital interests, the peasants organize many kinds of activities to protect their own rights and interests. At the same time, many organizations fighting for peasants' rights and interests appear. The appearance of these organizations manifests that the peasants need one kind of organized-strength when there is no negotiation mechanism under the situation of the state's monopoly and controlling on political resources. However, as these organizations are still at the informal stage of self-organizing, there still exist many problems in both aspects of the activity pattern and the controlling ability.The deep research into the peasants' organizations has political challenge as well as academic one. The political challenge refers to that the mainstream opinion disagrees with these organizations and regards them as an important factor interfering our social stability. The academic challenge refers to that the academic field treats this issue as a forbidden area. As a result, there is no really important research achievement. Because of the stimulating reasons in politics and academics, the paper, based on the existing research materials, tries to analyze the problems of the organizations in peasants' rights protecting from a new perspective. The peasant has his own rationality, which will lead him to choose an appropriate organization in order to protect himself. Meanwhile, such rational actions are affected by other factors as well. By analyzing the possibility and conditions of the realization of peasants' organizations, we need to relocate the relations between the government and the peasants' organizations, and also relocate the role and position of the government. In this way, we hope some alternative suggestions can be put forward.

【中文关键词】 农民权益; 农民组织; 农民理性
【英文关键词】 peasants’ rights and interests; peasants’ organizations; peasants’ rationality
【论文目录】
内容提要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4-5
一 农民组织:问题与文献 6-16
    (一) 关于农民组织的研究述评 6-11
    (二) 农民行动研究的若干资源 11-16
二 农民为什么选择组织 16-24
    (一) 初步讨论 16-18
    (二) 相关分析 18-21
    (三) 进一步分析 21-24
三 寻找一种农民组织的激励机制 24-31
    (一) 农民组织与政府关系的讨论 24-26
    (二) 理性合作视角下的农民组织与政府 26-31
四 结语 31-33
参考文献 33-37

-