简介：Toexploretheeffectofenvironmentconditionsonimmuneactivityoffish,eightimmune-associatedgenesresponsibleforinnateimmunitywereselectedfromtheGenBank,i.e.Pgrn-a,Ifit2,P-hepcidin,Lect2,β2m,Irf1,Il25andHsp96,andthemRNAexpressionsoftheminthekidneyofculturedlargeyellowcroakerLarimichthyscroceaindifferentseaareasintheEastChinaSeawereexaminedwithqPCRtechniques.Inthecontrastsofimmune-associatedgeneexpressionbetweenareasandpopulations,significantdifferenceswerefound,expressionlevelsoftheseimmune-associatedgeneswerelowerintheclearwaterareathaninthepoorwaterquantityarea,andlowerinMaythaninOctober.MYwasmoresensitivetoenvironmentalfactorsthanDQ,whichwascoincidentwiththewaterqualityintheculturingareas.Differentialanalysesoftheexpressionlevelsoftheseimmune-associatedgenesshowedthatsignificantup-regulationcouldbetriggeredbypoorenvironmentalfactors.Theexpressionpatternsindicatedthattheexpressionlevelsofthesegenesweresensitivetoecologicalchanges,therebytheimmune-associatedgenes,especiallyPgrn-a,Ifit2,β2m,Il25andHsp96,mightserveasimmediateandsensitiveindicatorsofpopulationimmunologicvigorandecosystemhealth.Buttheexpressionofimmunity-associatedgenesatthelevelofgenetranscriptionishighlyinfluencedbymultiplefactors,andtheexactcausesorinfluencingfactorsoftheup-regulationordown-regulationofthesegenesstillneedfurtherthoroughinvestigation.

简介：TheEastChinaSea(ECS)isariver-dominatedepicontinentalsea,linkingtheAsiancontinenttothenorthwesternPacificviathelargeriversoriginatingfromTibetanPlateau.TherelevanthugeinfluxofriverinedetritushasdevelopeduniquesedimentarysystemsintheECSduringtheQuaternary,offeringidealterrestrialarchivesforreconstructingQuaternarypaleoenvironmentalchangesandstudyingland-seainteractions.Overall,twocharacteristicriversystemsdominatethesedimentarysystemsandsedimentsourcetosinktransportpatternsintheECS,representedbytheChangjiang(YangtzeRiver)andHuanghe(YellowRiver)forthelargeriversystemandTaiwanriversforthesmallriversystem.Giventhis,thesedimentsderivedfrombothriversystemsbeardistinctfeaturesintermsofparentrocklithology,provenanceweatheringandsedimenttransport.Previousstudiesmostlyfocusoneitherthe‘source’discriminationorthe‘sink’recordsofthesedimentarysystemintheECS,whilethesourcetosinkprocesslinkingthelandandsea,inparticularitstimescale,hasbeenpoorlyunderstood.Hereweintroduceanewly-developeddatingtechnique,the‘comminutionage’method,whichoffersaquantitativeconstraintonthetimescaleofsedimenttransferfromitsultimatesourcetothefinaldepositionalsink.Thisnovelmethodisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingourunderstandingontheearthsurfaceprocessesincludingtectonic-climatedrivenweathering,andsedimentrecyclinginrelationtolandscapeevolutionandmarineenvironmentalchanges.TheapplicationofcomminutionagemethodintheECSwillprovideimportantconstraintsonsedimentsource-to-sinkprocessandmoreevidencesfortheconstructionoflateQuaternarypaleoenvironmentalchangesundertheseuniquesedimentarysystems.更多还原

简介：渐新世Huagang形成是在Xihu的主要沙岩水库下垂，位于华东海架盆的东方。与薄节的岩相学，紫外线荧光显微镜学，扫描电子显微镜学，和同位素地球化学的一条综合途径，不同diagenetic特征被识别，典型diageneticparasequences被建立，并且diagenetic液体进化历史为渐新世Huagang被重建在Xihu的南方的形成沙岩水库下垂。Huagang形成沙岩水库现在在mesodiagenesis的时期B，它经历了象机械压缩，毛孔衬里绿泥石水泥，长石溶解，石英硬化和溶解那样的重要diagenetic改变，并且焦化硬化。碳酸盐水泥(早陨铁，中等ferrocalcite和迟了的ankerite)的三种类型在Huagang形成沙岩水库被识别。碳和氧而迟了的碳酸盐水泥是，碳酸盐水泥的同位素的作文证明早方解石从碱的湖的环境猛抛仔细与器官的酸有关。到Huagang形成沙岩水库，它在成岩作用期间经历了溶解的二个主要事件。早溶解是象长石，锂的碎片，和碳酸盐水泥那样的不稳定的部件被酸的水溶解。第二溶解是石英和其它硅酸盐矿物质在碱的条件下面被溶解。烃收费的二个主要阶段发生在这个学习区域。第一个烃炮兵阵地在中等碳酸盐硬化以前但是对长石溶解和在结束的石英硬化的发作以后中新世。收费的第二烃在迟了的碳酸盐降水以后发生在第四级的时期。