简介：Duetoviscousheatingspontaneousignitionofasupersonicflowofpremixedcombustiblegasescanoccurinboundarylayers.Thisprocessisstudiednumericallyforahyedrogen-airmixtureinthecaseofalaminarboundarylayeroveraflatplate.Inapreviousstudythemainstructureofthereactingflowwasgivenaswellasafirstmappingoftheignitionconditionsversusboundaryconditions.Inthepresentworkcomputationsareperformedinordertofurtherspecifythecontrollingmechanismsandparametersofsuchaboundarylayerignition.Weemphasizemorepreciselyi)theelementarystepsofthechemicalprocesswhichefectivelycontroltheignitionii)theunusualroleplayedbytheequivalenceratioofthemixtureiii)theinfluenceoftheSoreteffect(speciestransportduetotemperaturegradients).

简介：Medicalimageapplicationinclinicaldiagnosisandtreatmentisbecomingmoreandmorewidely,Howtousealargenumberofimagesintheimagemanagementsystemanditisaveryimportantissuehowtoassistdoctorstoanalyzeanddiagnose.Thispaperstudiesthemedicalimageretrievalbasedonmulti-layerresamplingtemplateunderthethoughtofthewaveletdecomposition,theimageretrievalmethodconsistsoftworetrievalprocesswhichiscoarseandfineretrieval.Coarseretrievalprocessisthemedicalimageretrievalprocessbasedontheimagecontourfeatures.Fineretrievalprocessisthemedicalimageretrievalprocessbasedonmulti-layerresamplingtemplate,amulti-layersamplingoperatorisemployedtoextractimageresamplingimageseachlayer,thentheseresamplingimagesareretrievedstepbysteptofinishtheprocessfromcoarsetofineretrieval.

简介：Theleachingandredistributionofnutrientsinthesurfacelayerof4typesofredsoilsinSoutheastChinawerestudiedwithalysimeterexperimentunderfiledconditions.Resultsshowedthattheleachingconcentratedintherainyseason(fromApriltoJune).Generally,theleachingofsoilnutrientsfromthesurfacelayerofredsoilswasintheorderofCa>Mg>K>NO3-N,Infertilizationtreatment,thetotalamountofsoilnutrientsleachedoutofthesurfacelayerinaredsoilderivedfromgranitewasthehighestinallsoils.Theuptakebygrassdecreasedtheleachingoffertilizerionsinsurfacelayer,particularlyforNo3-N,SoiltotalNandexchangeableK,CaandMginthesurfacelayerdecreasedwithleachingandgrassuptakeduringthe2yearswithoutnewfertilizationofurea,Ca(H2PO4)2,KCl,CaCO3andMgCO3,Camovedfromtheapplicationlayer(0-5cm)offertilizerandaccumulatedinthe10-30cmdepthinthesoilsstudiedexceptthatdervedfromquaternaryredclay.ThedeficiencyofsoilexchangeableKwillbecomeaseriousdegradationprocessfacingtheSoutheastChina.

简介：Whencondensationoccursinsupersonicflowfields,theflowisaffectedbythelatentheatreleased.Inthepresentstudy,Navier-Stokesequationsweresolvednumericallyusinga3rd-orderMUSCLtypeTVDinite-differenceschemewithasecond-orderfractional-stepfortimeintegration,Baldwin-Lomaxmodel,thatisthealgebraicmodel,calledthezeroequationmodelwasusedinthecomputations.Theeffectsofinitialconditions(initialdegreeofsupersaturationandtotaltemperatureinthereservoir)oncondensingflowofmoistairinasupersoniccircularhalfnozzlewereinvestigated.Inthiscase,theeffectofcondensationontheboundarylayerwasalsodiscussedindetail.Asaresultthesimulatedflowfieldswerecomparedwithexperimentaldataingoodagreement,andthevelocityandtemperatureprofileswerelargelychangedbycondensation.

简介：Crossflowinstabilityplaysveryimportantroleinthetransitionoftheboundarylayeronasweptwing,typicalintheengineeringapplications.Experi-mentsrevealedthatthelinearstabilitytheorywellpredictedtheformofthecrossflowvortices,butusuallymuchoverpredictedtheirgrowthrate.Usingnonlineartheoryofhydrodynamicstability,combinedwithsomeotherconsiderations,wewereabletoobtainthegrowthrateingoodagreementwithexperimentalobservations.

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简介：Thecharacteristicsofavaporbubblewithinthethermalboundarylayerweretheoreticallyanalyzed.ThePhysicalmodelsaccountingforthevariationofinterfacialtensionandfluiddensitywithtemperaturewerepropsedtoinvestigatebubbleinterfaceaspectsandthefluidflowaroundthebubble.Theanalysesdemonstratedthatthevariationininterfacialtensionresultsinveriationsintheliquid-vaporinterfaceshpaeandbubbledynamics,whichmayplayssignificantroleinthedepartureprocessofavaporbubblefromaheatedwallsurface,Increasingtemperaturegradientsintheboundarylayerandthegravitationalfieldinduceacontactlinecontractionandcorrespondinglypromotesbubbledeparture.Thesimulationofliquidflowaroundthebubbleshowsthatnaturalconvectiondominatestheflowforearthconditions;however,thethermocapillaryforcesprovidetheprincipalcatalystforbubbledepartureinamicrogravityenvironment.TheresultsindicatethatboththevaporbubblecontractionandtheMarangoniflowmayincreasetheheattransferaroundthevaporbubbleandmaycausethebubbletomoveawayfromtheheatingsurface,furtherincreasingheattransfer.

简介：精力流动，底部边界层(BBL)精力驱散，表面举起振幅和在Bering海的主要半天的潮汐的成分的当前的大小的空间分发详细被检验。这些分布从一个三维的数字模拟模型(POM)的结果被获得。与来自七个车站的观察数据相比，潮汐的高度的根均方差分别地为M2和N2是2.6厘米和1.2厘米，并且阶段落后的那些是21.8景吗？

简介：AnewmodeltodescribeI-Vcharacteristicsoforganiclight-emittingdevices(OLEDs)isdevelopedbasedonexperimentalresults.ThedependenceofI-Vcharacteristicsonenergybarrier,trapdensityandcarriermobilityisanalyzed.TheresultshowsthatthismodelcombinestheFowler-Nordheimtunneltheoryandthetrapchargelimitedcurrenttheorywithexponentialtrapdistribution(TCL),anditdescribesthecurrenttransportcharacteristicsofOLEDsmorecomprehensively.TheI-VcharacteristicsfollowFowler-Nordheimtheorywhentheenergybarrierishigh,thetrapdensityissmallandthecarriermobilityislarge.InothercasestheyfollowtheTCLtheory.

简介：Thispaperutilizesthecross-layerarchitecturetoimplementadaptiveresourceallocationinOrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess(OFDMA)basedonthebroadbandwirelessaccesssystem.Accordingtothecross-layerarchitecture,theinformationinlinklayerisusedforadaptiveresourceallocationinOFMDA.Anewcross-layeradaptiveresourceallocationalgorithmisdevelopedwhichcanguaranteetheuserstobeinminimumaveragewaitingtimeinlink-layerandgetthebetterspectrumutilization.Numericalresultsshowthatourschemeisappealingandcangetabouthalfofaveragewaitingtimelessand0.5bps/HzspectrumutilizationmorethantheschemeinIEEE802.16a.

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简介：Thestructureofatmosphericboundarylayerdeterminestheabilityofatmosphericdispersionandhasanessentialimpactonairborneaerosols.Inthispaper,thedataofaradiosoundingexperimentheldinDongguanNationalMeteorologicalObservationStation,whichisinacoastalcityinPearlRiverDelta,aswellasthedataofatmosphericaerosols,wereutilizedinordertoanalyzethecharacteristicsofatmosphericboundarylayeranditseffectsonsurfaceaerosolconcentrations.Theresultsareshowedatfollows:thelocalcirculations,associatedwithdominantwinds,madecomplexstructuresofatmosphericlayers,asthecoldairandsystematicwindsweakenedintheendofacoldairevent.Weakenedwindshearsandinversionlayers,especiallyastrongnear-surfaceinversionlayer,remarkablydiminishedtheatmosphericdiffusionabilitiesandfacilitatedanespeciallyhighconcentrationofsurfaceaerosols.Theconvergencelineorweakshearlineofseabreezeinthegroundlevelhelpsweakentheatmosphericdiffusionabilitiesandresultsinatmosphericaerosolsaccumulation.

简介：Thedynamiccharacteristicsofthelargescalecoherentstructuresinaforcedfreeshearlayerareexperi-mentallystudiedbymeansofflowvisualization.ThequantitativemeasurementsareacquiredbytheuseofaLDV.Itisshownthatthedevelopmentofthecoherentstructurescanbegreatlyinfluencedbyupstreamartificialperturbationsandasaresultthemixinginthelayercanbecontrolled.Likevortexmerging,vortexsplittingisalsoacommonevolu-tionpatterninthedevelopmentofthecoherentstructures.

简介：采样的观察经常易于舍入，但是被建模好像他们是unrounded。这份报纸检验与多层的评价集合采样在参数评价上绕行错误的影响。它证明舍入的错误严重弄歪协变性矩阵的行为估计，并且导致不一致的评价。考虑这，我们在场为这个模型实现评价，并且进一步建立建议评估者的强壮的一致性和asymptotic规度的一条新途径。模拟实验证明我们的估计基于圆简单随机的采样总是基于圆多层的评价集合采样是比那些更有效的。

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简介：大旋涡模拟(LES)被用来调查形成对照的动态特征砍骚乱(圣)和在表面的兰米尔循环(LC)混合了层(SML)。圣被在SML强迫的风通常导致。LC能被包括强迫的风，波浪和旋涡的角色的波浪水流相互作用驾驶。LES结果证明LC压制水平速度并且极大地修改顺风的速度侧面，但是增加垂直速度。LC的强壮的downwelling喷气加速并且增加向下作为与圣塞相比精力搬运垂直旋涡粘性KL的m比混合的圣斯特朗的由LC导致的大得多有二个地点。他们位于2s3s(司烧深度规模)并且SML的更低的层分别地。它的价值和位置随着时间周期性地变化。相反，最大的K圣导致的m位于SML的中间的深度。LC产生的狂暴的动能(TKE)由在TKE和Km是明显的。因此，LC的parameterization不能完全基于TKE。为深SML，在LC的大规模旋涡的传送对流起一个主要作用在向下，精力和LC的运输能导致更强壮的速度砍(SML底附近的S2)。另外，LC导致的大规模旋涡和S2总是正在变化，它需要充分在LC的parameterization被考虑。

简介：TheironrustphasesformedonIowalloysteelscontainingdifferentquantitiesofCrelementhavebeencharacterizedusingEPMA,Ramanspectroscopy,TEM,opticalmicroscopyetc.Theionselectivepropertiesofsynthesizedrustfilmswiththesamephaseconstituentastheatmosphericcorrosionproductswereinvestigatedusingself-madeapparatus.TheresultsshowedthatcorrosionlossofsteelsexposedinmarineatmospheredecreasedrapidlyastheCrcontentofthesteelwasincreased.Cr-containingsteelswerecoveredbyauniformcompactedrustlayercomposedoffineparticleswithanaveragediameterofseveralnanometers.InnerrustlayerofCr-containingsteel(2massfraction)wascomposedofα-CrxFel-xOOH,withCrcontentofabout5massfraction.Suchrustlayershowedcationselectiveproperty,andcoulddepressthepenetrationofCl-tocontactsubstratesteeldirectly.