简介:湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放过程与氮的气态损失密切相关,其对于氮循环的生态意义重大。综述了湿地土壤NH3挥发、N2O释放过程及影响因素的研究动态。当前湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放研究主要集中在挥发/释放特征与一般影响因素的探讨上。影响湿地土壤NH3挥发及N2O释放的因素主要包括土壤理化学性质、环境因素、水文过程、生物群落和人类活动等。鉴于当前相关研究中存在的问题,在今后研究中应亟需加强的领域包括:①NH3挥发及N2O释放的驱动机制;②NH3挥发及N2O释放应用模型表征;③全球变暖、降水改变等对NH3挥发及N2O释放过程的影响;④人类活动对NH3挥发及N2O释放过程的作用机制。
简介:InsituhighpressureenergydispersiveX-raydiffractionmeasurementsonlayeredperovskite-likemanganateCa3Mn2O7underpressuresupto35GPahavebeenPerformedbyusingdiamondanvilcellwithsynchrotronradiation.Theresultsshowthatthestructureoflayeredperovskite-likemanganateCa3Mn2O7isunstableunderpressureduetotheeasycompressionofNaCl-typeblocks.ThestructureofCa3Mn2O7underwenttwophasetransitionsunderpressuresintherangeof0-35GPa.Onewasatabout1.3GPawiththecrystalstructurechangingfromtetragonaltgoorthorhombic.Theotherwasatabout9.5GPawiththecrystalstructurechangingformorthorhombicbacktoanothertetragonal.
简介:以硝酸铟为原料,用氨水做沉淀剂,采用水解沉淀-水热法制备In2O3的前驱体In(OH)3,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及激光粒度分析仪对产物的结构、形貌和粒度进行表征。结果表明,水解沉淀产物为立方相In(OH)3,呈短棒状团聚体。水热处理过程中,产物的晶型、形貌和粒度受Ostwald熟化机制和相转化机制的影响。当水热温度低于280℃时,首先发生Ostwald熟化机制,In(OH)3颗粒形貌由短棒状转变为长方体,而物相不发生变化。当水热温度高于280℃时,除发生Ostwald熟化机制外,还存在相转化机制,产物形貌先由棒状转变为长方体,接着转变为多面体,且物相由立方相的In(OH),转变为斜方相的InOOH。
简介:摘要:金刚石工具作为一种新兴的超硬材料制品,是对传统工具的一种革命性替代和跨越性发展,广泛应用于各类硬脆非金属材料及部分金属材料的切、磨、钻、铣、抛等加工领域,涉及建筑、建材、石油、地质、冶金、机械、电子、陶瓷、木材、汽车等工业。近年来,随着大宗商品的价格上涨,金刚石工具成本上升幅度巨大,成本更加优势的铁基金刚石工具得到了迅猛的发展,但铁基胎体的工艺范围狭窄及合金化程度不足,导致产品性能不稳定,在一定程度上限制了其发展。Y2O3作为一种优良的增韧填料,能够改善铁基金刚石工具的力学性能和耐用度。本文以铁基胎体为主要原料,采用添加Y2O3的方法,研究了Y2O3含量对铁基金刚石工具的硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响,以供参考。
简介:FurfuralinaqueoussolutionwastreatedbyUV/O3method.Theresultsshowthattheremovalrateoffurfuralisseverelyenhancedandthesynergismphenomenonappearswhenultravioletandozonearepresenttogether.TheinfluencesofexperimentalparameterssuchaspH,theintensityoflightandthenegative-positiveionsonfurfuraldegradationwereinvestigated.Theresultsindicatethatfurfural(300mg/L)isalmostcompletelydegradedafter3hundertheoptimumconditions.TheintermediateinthefurfuraldegradationwascharacterizedbyGC-MSandIRspectrumandthedegradationmechanismoffurfuralbyUV/O3technologywasproposed.
简介:Thetitlecomplex[NH_3CH_2CH(NH_2)CH_3]_2[M(Ⅵ)O_2(OC_6H_4O)_2](M=Mo_(0.6)W_(0.4))wassynthesizedviaasimplesolution-phasechemicalroute.ThedeterminationofsinglecrystalX-raydiffractionrevealedthatthetitlecompoundiscrystallizedinamonoclinicsystemwithP2(1)/nspacegroup,a=1.0913(10)nm,b=1.0442(10)nm,c=1.8842(19)nm,α=90°,β=96.530(17)°,γ=90°,Z=4,andV=2.133(4)nm3.Themononuclearanionicunit[M(Ⅵ)O2(OC6H4O)2]2-displayschiralpseudo-octahedral[MO_6]coordinationgeometryandislinkedbychiralcationsviahydrogenbondandπ…πstackinginteraction.Thetransmissionelectronmicroscopyimagesshowthatthetitlecomplexiscomprisedofnano-particleswithdiametersrangingfrom20to50nm.TheNMRstudyshowsthe1Hdownfieldchemicalshiftsof[NH_3CHaHbCH(NH_2)CH_3]+cationsinthetitlecomplexwhenitismixedwithadenosine-triphosphate(ATP),andthechemicalshiftdifferencebetweenHaandHbisincreasedgreatly,andmostofthecatecholateligandsdissociatefromthecentralmetalatoms.TheDNAcleavageactivityexperimentrevealsthatDNAcleavagepromotedbythetitlecomplexislowerthanthatbyNa_2MoO_4whichpossessesantitumorpro-perty,buthigherthanthatbyNa_2WO_4.
简介:C3植物C4植物C3—C4中间植物在解剖结构和生理生化方面存在一定差异,C4植物与C3植物相比为低CO2补偿点,低光呼吸的高光合效率植物。而C3—C4中间植物则介于C3植物和C4植物之间。这类中间植物为研究C4植物进化,光呼吸如何降低提供了实验系统。
简介:Inthispaper,wedemonstratetheacetylehe(C2H2)sensorwithhighsensitivityusingahollow-corephotonicbandgapfiber(HC-PCF).ExperimentsformeasuringC2H2concentrationsingasmixtureareperformed.Usinga2m-longHC-PCFasgascell,thespectrumofacetyleneatn1+n3bandhasbeenmeasured,andtheP11-branchhasbeenselectedforthepurposeofsensing.Aminimumdetectivityof143partspermillionbyvolume(ppmv)forthesystemconfigurationisestimated.
简介:One-potachievementofethyllevulinatefromcassavawasconductedinethanol-watersystemoverseveralsimplesulfatesaltcatalysts.Al2(SO4)3catalysthadthebestperformanceinsynthesizingethyllevulinatecomparingwiththoseofaseriesofsulfatesalts.Thehighestyieldsofethyllevulinatewasupto39.27%aswellas7.78%levulinateacidwhencassavawascatalyzedinethanolmediumbyadding10wt%water.13Cand1HNMRspectroscopicinvestigationsconfirmedthatisomerizationofglucosetofructoseoverAl2(SO4)3catalystisanimportantstepinproducingethyllevulinateandlevulinateacid.DuetoaggregationsofAl3+underhydrothermalconditions,tinyamountofAl3+weredetectedinfiltrateatthepercentageof0.32%evenifinabsolutewater.BronstedandLewisacidscouldimprovetheyieldofethyllevulinateandlevulinateacidbysynergisticeffect.AllresultssuggestedthatA12(SO4)3wasasimpleandefficientcatalystforethyllevulinateandlevulinateacidproduction.
简介:摘要:Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金是一种近β型钛合金,由于具有高强、高韧、高比强度、深淬透性和优良的热加工性在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。与目前航空航天领域用量最大的Ti-6Al-4V合金相比,Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金的β转变温度一般为790℃~815℃,比Ti-6Al-4V合金的β转变温度大约低100℃。在β转变温度附近变形的流动应力与Ti-6Al-4V合金935℃变形的流动应力相当,可用于生产各类棒材、板材、锻件等产品,尤其适用于制造316℃以下工作的发动机零件。与锻造等加工工艺相比,热处理能够在不改变工件的尺寸结构和化学成分的前提下,有效改善工件内部的微观组织,最终获得优良的使用性能和工艺性能,达到提升产品质量、延长使用寿命的目的。