简介:Nitrobenzene-containingindustrialwastewaterwasdegradedinthepresenceofozonecoupledwithH2O2byhighgravitytechnology.Theeffectofhighgravityfactor,H2O2concentration,pHvalue,liquidflow-rate,andreactiontimeontheefficiencyforremovalofnitrobenzenewasinvestigated.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthehighgravitytechnologyenhancestheozoneutilizationefficiencywithO3/H2O2showingsynergisticeffect.ThedegradationefficiencyintermsoftheCODremovalrateandnitrobenzeneremovalratereached45.8%and50.4%,respectively,underthefollowingreactionconditions,viz.:ahighgravityfactorof66.54,apHvalueof9,aH2O2/O3molarratioof1:1,aliquidflowrateof140L/h,anozoneconcentrationof40mg/L,aH2O2multipledosingmodeof6mL/h,andareactiontimeof4h.Comparedwiththeperformanceofconventionalstirredaerationmixers,thehighgravitytechnologycouldincreasetheCODandnitrobenzeneremovalraterelatedwiththenitrobenzene-containingwastewaterby22.9%and23.3%,respectively.
简介:Alkylationoftoluenewith2-chloro-2-methylpropane(t-Bu-Cl)tosynthesizepara-tert-butyltoluene(PTBT)wascarriedoutinthepresenceoftriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidsusedasthecatalyst.TheionicliquidswerepreparedwithdifferentmolarratiosofEt3NHCltoAlCl3,andtheeffectofthemolarratiobetweenAlCl3andEt3NHCl,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratiooftoluenetochloro-2-methylpropaneonthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithchloro-2-methyl-propanewasinvestigated.ThetestresultsshowedthattheacidicionicliquidspreparedwithEt3NHClandAlCl3hadgoodactivityandselectivityforthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithalkylchloridetoproducePTBT.TheoptimalreactionconditionswerespecifiedatanAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof1.6,areactiontemperatureof20℃,amassfractionoftoluenetoionicliquidof10%,andachloro-2-methylpropanetotoluenemolarratioof0.5.Underthesuitablereactionconditions,a98%conversionofchloro-2-methylpropaneandan82.5%selectivityofPTBTwereobtained.Ionicliquidscouldbereused5timeswithitscatalyticactivityunchanged,andtheregeneratedionicliquidscanberecycled.
简介:南美W油田T5B砂岩储层具有横向上岩性变化快、垂向上多套薄砂体叠置等特点,对其进行识别和描述难度较大。针对W油田7井区W-7KH井水平段钻探效果不理想以及W-7C井和W-7D井2口井油水关系矛盾等问题,提出了"平剖相结合"的储层预测技术思路。首先通过半定量地震振幅解释及叠后约束稀疏脉冲反演方法,建立了T5B砂岩储层厚度与地震均方根振幅的关系,并确定了储层与非储层纵波阻抗数值范围,较好地刻画了T5B砂岩储层的横向展布范围;然后采用高分辨率拟声波阻抗反演方法,有效识别了T5B砂岩内部薄泥岩隔层,描述了砂体的垂向叠置关系,解决了油水界面不统一的矛盾。研究思路和结果对油田下一步的滚动开发、水平井段设计及精细油藏描述具有启发和指导意义。