简介：Asanewscientificdiscipline,nanoparticleaerosolscienceandtechnology(NAST)dealswiththeformation,propertiesandbehaviorofnanoparticlesingases.Drivenbyitspracticalapplicationsinmanydifferentfields,NASThasbeenundergoingrapiddevelopment.Aconceptualframeworkofthediscipline,withitsownbasicprinciples,experimentalmethodsandcomputationaltechniques,isnowtakingshape.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewofthecurrentstatusandresearchneedsofthenewdiscipline.Thepresentationbeginswithadiscourseontherelationshipamongvariousparticlesystems,whichoccurfrequentlyinnatureandindustry.Thepropertiesandbehaviorofnanoparticleaerosolsarethendiscussed,withemphasisonthekeyrolesplayedbyparticlesizeandmorphology.Similartofluiddynamics,NASTisanenablingdisciplineinthesensethatithasprovidedtheconceptsandmethodologyneededforthedevelopmentofmanyotherfields.Applicationsofnanoparticleaerosolscienceandtechnologyarehighlightedinthreeimportantareas:(1)aerosolprocessesforsynthesisofnanoparticles,(2)atmosphericnanoparticlesandglobalclimate,and(3)dosimetryofinhalednanoparticles.Thesefieldshavefeaturesincommoninsofarasnanoparticleaerosolsfollowthesamebasiclawsofphysicsandchemistry.

简介：ThisreportgivesabriefintroductiontokeyThaiorganizations,includingresearchinstitutionsandacademicdepartments,activeinparticletechnology.ThisisfollowedbyadescriptionofthelatesttrendofpowdertechnologyandnanoparticletechnologyinThailand.

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简介：Chitinisoneofthemostabundantnaturalresources.chitosanisdeacetylatedfromchitin.Asnaturalorganisms,chitosaniseasiertobedecomposedwithorganismsandeatable.Sochitosaniswildlyusedinbiology,medicine,foodstuff,cosmeticsandsoon[1,2]Chitinisasortofnaturalglucosaminecompoundwithwealthyresources,butalargeamountofchitinispreparedfromcrabshellandcrayfishshell.Someresearchworkshavecarriedonthepreparationofchitosanfromotherresources,suchassilkwormpupa,wastemyceliaetc.[3,4]

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简介：Weproposeadepolarizerbasedontheprincipleofacollectionofhalf-waveplateswithrandomlydistributedopticaxes.Thedesignisdemonstratedbymeansofdynamicallyphotopatterningliquidcrystalintorandomlyalignedhomogeneousdomains.Wecharacterizetheliquidcrystaldepolarizerfor1550nmandC-band(1520–1610nm).Adegreeofpolarizationoflessthan5%isobtainedforanylinearlypolarizedlight.Thisstudyprovidesapracticalcandidateforhigh-performancedepolarizers.

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简介：Thispaperdemonstratesanewprocessofthephotolithographytechnology,usedtofabricatesimplyfinepatterns,byemployingsurfaceplasmoncharacter.Thesub-wavelengthperiodicsilicastructureswithuniformsilverfilmareusedastheexposuremask.Accordingtothetraditionalsemiconductorprocess,thegratingstructuresarefabricatedatexposingwavelengthof436nm.Atthesametime,itprovidesadditionalandquantitativesupportofthistechniquebasedonthefinite-differencetime-domainmethod.Theresultsoftheresearchshowthatsurfaceplasmoncharacteristicsofmetalscanbeusedtoincreasetheopticalfieldenergydistributiondifferencesthroughthesilicastructureswithsilverfilm,whichdirectlyimpactontheexposureoffollowingphotosensitivelayerindifferentregions.

简介：Inthelastdecadestheinterestinthebiomassgasificationprocesshasincreasedduetothegrowingattentiontotheuseofsustainableenergy.Biomassisarenewableenergysourceandrepresentsavalidalternativetofossilfuels.Gasificationisthethermochemicalconversionofanorganicmaterialintoavaluablegaseousproduct,calledsyngas,andasolidproduct,calledchar.Thebiomassgasificationrepresentsanefficientprocessfortheproductionofpowerandheatandtheproductionofhydrogenandsecond-generationbiofuels.Thispaperdealswiththestateoftheartbiomassgasificationtechnologies,evaluatingadvantagesanddisadvantages,thepotentialuseofthesyngasandtheapplicationofthebiomassgasification.Syngascleaningthoughfundamentaltoevaluateanygasificationtechnologyisnotincludedinthispapersince;intheauthors'opinion,adedicatedreviewisnecessary.

简介：Inthispaper,theinterestingdevelopmentoftheveryimportantinnovationofthrustvestoringtechnologyinappliedaerodynamicsisdescribed.InMemoryofafirend.Dr.W.HerbstofMBB,Germany,theso-calledfatheroftheX-31experimentalthrustvectoringfighter,wholosthislifeafewyearsagowhilepilotinghisprivateairplane.BertrandRussel：“Menarebornignorant,notstupid-theyaremadestupidbyeducation.”.AdmiralHymanRickover:“Thebestengineersarethosewho,inadditiontotechnicalexpertise,havehadgoodtrainingintheliberalartsandunderstandtheworldaroundthem”。

简介：Nuclearfusionhasenormouspotentialtogreatlyaffectglobalenergyproduction.Thenext-generationtokamakITER,whichisaimedatdemonstratingthefeasibilityofenergyproductionfromfusiononacommercialscale,isunderconstruction.Wallerosion,materialtransport,andfuelretentionareknownfactorsthatshortenthelifetimeofITERduringtokamakoperationandgiverisetosafetyissues.Thesefactors,whichmustbeunderstoodandsolvedearlyintheprocessoffusionreactordesignanddevelopment,areamongthemostimportantconcernsforthecommunityofplasma-wallinteractionresearchers.Todate,lasertechniquesareamongthemostpromisingmethodsthatcansolvetheseopenITERissues,andlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy（LIBS）isanidealcandidateforonlinemonitoringofthewallsofcurrentandnext-generation（suchasITER）fusiondevices.LIBSisawidelyusedtechniqueforvariousapplications.Ithasbeenconsideredrecentlyasapromisingtoolforanalyzingplasma-facingcomponentsinfusiondevicesinsitu.ThisarticlereviewstheexperimentsthathavebeenperformedbymanyresearchgroupstoassessthefeasibilityofLIBSforthispurpose.

简介：Thispaperconsiderssingle-machineschedulingproblemsingrouptechnologywiththejobs'processingtimesbeingsimplelinearfunctionsoftheirstarttimes.Theobjectivefunctionsaretheminimizingofmakespanandtotalweightedcompletiontime.SomeoptimalconditionsandalgorithmsaregivenandthefactthattheproblemoftotalweightedcompletiontimesisNP-hardisproved.

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简介：ThedevelopmentandmaintenanceofthecontrolsystemsofthefourLHCexperimentswillrequireanon-negligibleamountofresourcesandeffort.TheJointControlsProject(JCOP)[1]hasbeenset-upasacollaborationbetweenCERNandthefourLHCexperimentstofindcommonsolutionsfortheLHCexperiments'controlsystems.AlthoughtheJCOPgeneralprincipleistopromotetheuseofindustrialssoluitionswhereverpossible,customsolutionsarestillrequiredwhennon-standarddevicesorverylargenumbersofdeviceshavetobecontrolled.Furthermore.toeasethedevelopmentandintegrationofbothstandardandnon-standarddevicesintothecontrolsystemanumberofsoftwareFrameworksareunderdevelopment.ThispaperwilldescribethevarioussolutionsbeingproposedbyJCOPincludingtheSupervisoryandFront-Endframeworksaswellasthevariousindustrialandcustomcomponents.Inaddition,ItwillalsodescribewherethesefitintotheforeseenJCOPcontrolsarchitecture.ThepaperwillthenhighlightinmoredetailtheFront-EndFramework.

简介：Spurredonbytheinventionofthebluelight-emittingdiode(LED)aquarterofacenturyago,theLEDindustryhasadvanceddramaticallyandhasrevolutionizedthesignaling/signage,mobileandflatpaneldisplay,andmorerecently,generallightingmarkets.Indeed,LEDsnowout-surpassinperformanceallconventional(e.g.,incandescent,fluorescent,high-intensitydischarge)lightsourcesingeneralilluminationapplications.Thequestionarises:whatmoreistobedone?ThuscomesthethesisforthisspecialissueonLEDsandapplications.Fromthecontributedarticles,welearnthatLEDtechnologycontinuestoevolveandtransformitselfnotonlywithintheexistingapplicationsbutisalsopositioningforbrandnewapplicationstocome,bothofwhicharehighlightedhere.

简介：FurfuralinaqueoussolutionwastreatedbyUV/O3method.Theresultsshowthattheremovalrateoffurfuralisseverelyenhancedandthesynergismphenomenonappearswhenultravioletandozonearepresenttogether.TheinfluencesofexperimentalparameterssuchaspH,theintensityoflightandthenegative-positiveionsonfurfuraldegradationwereinvestigated.Theresultsindicatethatfurfural(300mg/L)isalmostcompletelydegradedafter3hundertheoptimumconditions.TheintermediateinthefurfuraldegradationwascharacterizedbyGC-MSandIRspectrumandthedegradationmechanismoffurfuralbyUV/O3technologywasproposed.

简介：Energyandenvironmentalissueshavebecomeincreasinglyprominentinmattersoftransportation.Comparedwithroad,air,andseatransportation,railwaytransportationhastheadvantagesofalargetransmissioncapacity,withrapid,safe,andon-timetravel,requiringlesslandresources,withlowerenergyconsumption,lessenvironmentalpollution,andthecapacitytooperateundermostweatherconditions.Inparticular,high-speedrailwaytechnologyhasbeengrowingrapidly.Sincetheworld'sfirsthigh-speedrailwaywasbuiltinJapanin1964,morethantencountriesandregionshavedevelopedhigh-speedrailways,operatingoveratotalofmorethan10000km.High-speedrailwaysnotonlyprovidethepublicwithanewtypeofrapid,convenient,safe,andcomfortabletravel,butalsogreatlyboostthesocio-economicdevelopmentofthecountry.