简介：Tostudytheinsecticidalactivityandtoxicitymechanismofspinosad,weassayedbioactivityofspinosadbyleafmembranemethodanditseffectsontheactivitiesofdetoxifyingandprotectiveenzymesinMalacosomaneustriatestacealarvaebyspectrophotometry.Theresultsshowedthatspinosadhadanextremelyhightoxicityagainstthe4thand5thinstarlarvae.TheglutathioneS-transfer(GST)activityin4thand5thinstarlarvaewasfirstlyinhibited,theninduced,andfinallyinhibited,whilethemixed-functionaloxidase(MFO)activitywasinhibitedandthenenhanced.Theinducedeffectoncarboxylesterase(CarE),theinducedandinhibitedeffectonacetylcholinesterase(AchE)andperoxidase(POD),andthecomplicatedeffectsonsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andCatalase(CAT)weredeterminedin4thinstarlarvaewithspinosadtreatment.However,theobviousinhibitioneffectswerefoundontheactivitiesofCarE,AchE,SODandPODinthe5thinstarlarvaewhereasthecatalase(CAT)activitywasinhibited,thenincreased,andinhibitedfinally.Therefore,spinosadcouldeffectivelydisruptandinterferenotonlythedetoxifyingandprotectiveenzymesbutalsonormalphysiologicalmetabolismofM.neustriatestaceaandshowextremelyhightoxicityagainstthispest.

简介：BackgroundRecentresearcheshavefoundthatstainscanimproveacutemyocardialischemiareperfusioninjurywhichisachievedbyinhibitinginflammatoryreaction.Xuezhikangisextractedfromredrice,atailor-madeChinesecrudedrug.MaincomponentofXuezhikangthatcaninhibitblood-fatisstatins.MethodsFortyhealthySDrats(halfmaleandhalffemale,200gorso)wererandomlydividedintofourgroups:A:normalcontrol;B:shamoperation;C:MIRgroup;D:Xuezhikanggroup.Theacutemyocardialischemiareperfusioninjurymodelwasproduced.Infarctsizes,MYO,CK-MB,cTnI,IL-10andIL-18weredetectedafterreperfusion.ResultsComparedwithCandDgroup,inAandBgroup,infarctsizewereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01),thelevelofserumMYO,CK-MB,cTnIwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01),thelevelofIL-10weredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)andIL-18,CRPwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01).ComparedwithCgroup,infarctsizeweredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.05),thelevelofserumMYO,CK-MBandcTnIwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.05),thelevelofIL-10wereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.05)andIL-18weredecreasedsignificantly(P<0.05).ThelevelofIL-10andIL-18werenodifferencebetweenAandBgroup.ConclusionTheapplicationofXuezhikangcapsulesonratsbeforetheoperationofmyocardialischemiareperfusioncanlesseninflammatoryreactionandreduceinfarctsizesandprotectacutemyocardialischemiareperfusion.