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简介：Leukocyterollingandadhesionarecomplexphysiologicalprocessesthathavereceivedagreatdealofattentionoverthepastdecade.Significantincreasesintheknowledgebaserelatedtohowleukocytesadhereinshearflowshaveoccurredasaresultofthedevelopmentofnovelexperimentalandcomputationaltechniques.Micro-andnano-fabricationtechniqueshaveenabledthedevelopmentofnovelflowdevicesforstudyingleukocyteadhesioninsimpleandcomplexgeometries.Improve-mentsincomputertechnologyhaveenabledsimulationsofcomplexflowprocessestobedeveloped.Asaresultofthesead-vancesinknowledgerelatedtoleukocyteadhesion,numerousnoveldeviceshavebeendevelopedthatmimictheleukocyterollingandadhesionprocess.Examplesofthesedevicesincludecellseparationandenrichmentdevicesandtargetedultrasoundcontrastagents.Futureadvancesrelatedtoleukocyterollingandadhesionprocessesholdgreatpromiseforadvancingourknowledgeofdiseaseprocessesaswellasdevelopmentofnoveltherapeuticdevices.

简介：Theresultsofautomaticclassificationoftheperipheralbloodleukocytecategoriesarepresented.Thisclassificationwasperformedbymeansofdigitalimageprocessingandpatternrecognitiontechniques.Inthispaper,anautomaticmicroscopecellularanalysissystemforthispurposeisgivenandasetofalgorithmsforleukocyterecognitions,whichincludesindividualcell’sdetection,scenesegmentation,featureextraction,selectionandclassifierdesign,isproposed.Asaresultofteston3000leukoeytesdigitizeddirectlyfrom21peripheralbloodsmears,92percentofthemwereclassifiedcorrectlyinthissystem.Thecategorieswerebandneutrophils,seg-mentedneutrophils,monocytes,eosinophils,basophilsandlyrnphoeytes.

简介：Inthispaper,theefficiencyof6kindsoffiltermaterials(polyesterfiber,cottonwool,celluloseacetate,polyvinylalcoholfiber,vinylonfiberandco-wovenfiber)spe-cificforleukocytedepletionfromredbloodcellswasevaluatedrespectively.Thedatademonstratedthatco-wovenfilterwasmosteffectiveintheremovalofleukocyte,fol-lowedbyvinylonfiber.Theleukocytedepletioncapacityandproprietyofco-wovenfibersdesignedforremovingleukocytefromwholebloodorredbloodcellconcen-

简介：Thispaperaimstotheresearchoftheimpactoffluidshearstressontheadhesionbetweenvascularendothelialcellsandleukocyteinducedbytumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)bymicrofliudicchiptechnology.Microfluidicchipwasfabricatedbysoftlithograph;Endothelialmicrofluidicchipwasconstructedbyoptimizingtypesoftheextracellularmatrixproteinsmodifiedinthemicrochannelandcellincubationtime;humanumbilicalveinendothelialcellsEA.Hy926linedinthemicrochannelwereexposedtofluidshearstressof1.68dynes/cm~2and8.4dynes/cm~2respectively.Meanwhile,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocytewasinducedbyTNF-αunderaflowcondition.EA.Hy926cellculturedinthestaticconditionwasusedascontrolgroup.Thenumbersoffluorescently-labeledleukocyteinmicrochannelwerecountedtoquantizetheadhesionlevelbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyte;cellimmunofluorescencetechniquewasusedtodetecttheintercellularadhesionmolecule(ICAM-1)expression.TheconstructedendothelialmicrofluidicchipcanaffordtothefluidshearstressandrespondtoexogenousstimulusofTNF-α;comparedwiththeadhesionnumbersofleukocyteincontrolgroup,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstressandleukocytewasreducedunderthestimulusofTNF-αataconcentrationof10ng/ml(P<0.05);leukocyteadhesionwithEA.Hy926cellsexposedtohighfluidshearstresswasreducedsignificantlythanEA.Hy926cellsincontrolgroupandEA.1Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstress(P<0.01);theregulationmechanismoffluidshearstresstotheadhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyteinducedbyTNF-αwasthroughthewayofICAM-1.Theendothelialmicrofluidicchipfabricatedinthispapercouldbeusedtostudythefunctionsofendothelialcellinvitroandprovideanewtechnicalplatformforexploringthepathophysiologyoftherelatedcardiovascularsystemdiseasesunderaflowenvironment.

简介：AbstractBackground:The complement system plays an important role in the immune response to transplantation, and the diagnostic significance of peritubular capillary (PTC) C4d deposition (C4d+) in grafts is controversial. The study aimed to fully investigate the risk factors for PTC C4d+ and analyze its significance in biopsy pathology of kidney transplantation.Methods:This retrospective study included 124 cases of kidney transplant with graft biopsy and donor-specific antibody (DSA) testing from January 2017 to December 2019 in a single center. The effects of recipient pathological indicators, eplet mismatch (MM), and DSAs on PTC C4d+ were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:In total, 35/124 (28%) were PTC C4d+, including 21 with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), eight with renal tubular injury, three with T cell-mediated rejection, one with glomerular disease, and two others. Univariate analysis revealed that DSAs (P < 0.001), glomerulitis (P < 0.001), peritubular capillaritis (P < 0.001), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B eplet MM (P = 0.010) were the influencing factors of PTC C4d+. According to multivariate analysis, DSAs (odds ratio [OR]: 9.608, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.742-33.668, P < 0.001), glomerulitis (OR: 3.581, 95%CI: 1.246-10.289, P = 0.018), and HLA B eplet MM (OR: 1.166, 95%CI: 1.005-1.353, P= 0.042) were the independent risk factors for PTC C4d+. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve was increased to 0.831 for predicting PTC C4d+ when considering glomerulitis, DSAs, and HLA B eplet MM. The proportions of HLA I DSAs and PTC C4d+ in active antibody-mediated rejection were 12/17 and 15/17, respectively; the proportions of HLA class II DSAs and PTC C4d+ in chronic AMR were 8/12 and 7/12, respectively. Furthermore, the higher the PTC C4d+ score was, the more serious the urinary occult blood and proteinuria of recipients at the time of biopsy.Conclusions:PTC C4d+ was mainly observed in AMR cases. DSAs, glomerulitis, and HLA B eplet MM are the independent risk factors for PTC C4d+.

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