简介：<正>1.IntroductionWhenaddressinglanguagecohesion,anattemptmustbemadetoidentifyhowlanguageisusedtocreatecohesiveandcoherentcommunication,orhowoneutterancefollowsanother.WilliamLabovdescribesthetaskathand,statingthat‘thefundamentalproblemofdiscourseanalysis1istoshowhowoneutterancefollowsanotherinarational,rulegovernedmanner—inotherwords,howwe

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简介：AftertheOpiumWarin1840,Chinawasmoreandmoresemi-colonized.Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,thenationalstrengthoftheQingEmpirewasquicklyweakening.Asaresult,theQingCourtexercisedaweakerruleoverTibet,anditspoliticalrelationshipwithTibetwasconsequentlyaffected.OntheproblemsofhowtoresistforeigninvasionsandhowtohandleTibet'sinternalaffairs,theQingCourtand

简介：DuringtheseverecriseswhichterminatedintheviolentdeathsofTiberiusGracchus,GaiusGracchusandSatuminuswiththeircompanionsin133,121,and100B.C.respectively,theSenatedevelopedadrasticmeasureofcrisismanagement,i.e.thesenatusconsultumultimum.ItsliteralmeaningwasthesupremeresolutionoftheSenate,butactually,itwasanemergencymeasureissuedbytheSenateinthenameofdefendingthecommonwealth.Itseffectivenesssimplyderivedfromtheassertionthatthecommonwealth,ortobemoreaccurate,thedomesticpoliticalorder,wasinjeopardy.ThoughitwasrepeatedlyusedindomesticconflictsandplayedanimportantroleinthepoliticallifeofthelateRomanRepublic,itslegalitywasnonethelessarguedbythecontemporaries.

简介：Theproblemofpovertyanditsreliefinthemedievalcitieshasbeenthesubjectofaseriesofstudiessince1970s.Intheabsenceofcentralcontrollingorganizationengagedintheprovisionandsupervisionofassistancetothepoor,medievalcharitableinstitutionsseemtoprovidesomescopeforaclosestudyoftheexperienceofpovertyanditsrelief.Fromthecharitableactivityonecandiscoverafieldofsocialinteractionandsocialrelationsinlatemedievalcities.Inthelastthirtyyearsespecially,socialhistoriansofEuropehavecarriedoutvaluableprimaryresearchinthefieldofpovertyandpoorrelief.Somehaveconcentratedononeurbansociety,andothershavedealtwith

简介：AsfarasChina-USrelationsareconcerned,theTibetissueisoneofthosethatappearedonlyinthepast100years.IthasneverbeenanessentialoneinChina-USrelations.However,fromthedaythatthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)wasestablished,theTibetissueturnedouttobealong-termfactorwhichhasexertedaninfluenceontherelationsbetweenthetwocountriesoveranextendedperiodoftime.

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