简介：DedicatedexperimentsintheHT-7tokamakwereperformedtoinvestigatethein-fluenceoferosionanddepositiononthemirrorsamples.Thefirstmirror(FM)samplesmadeofpolycrystalline(PC)stainlesssteel(SS),molybdenum(Mo)andtungsten(W)werefixedonaholderatanangleof45withrespecttothehorizontalplaneandsetatdifferentlocationswithdifferentconnectionlengthsalongthemagneticfield.Theopticalreflectivityofthefirstmirrorwasmeasuredbyaspectrophotometerbeforeandafterplasmaexposure.Itwasfoundthatthesurfacemorphologyandspecularreflectivityofthemirrorsamplesaftertheexposureweredifferentwithrespecttothedifferentdistancesfromthemirrorsurfacetothelastclosedfluxsurface(LCFS)oftheplasmainthetokamak.Itwasalsofoundthatshorteningtheconnectionlengthbeforethemirrorsurfacewouldweakentheinfluenceoftheplasmaerosionandimpuritydepositiononthemirrorsurface.Inordertomaintaintheopticalcharacteristicsofthemirrorsurface,itisnecessarytoadoptthein-situcleaningandmirrorprotectiontechniques.

简介：为了学习terraced的影响，在一个分水岭的土壤侵蚀上回答建设和检查水坝siltation，我们包括terraced领域，斜坡农田，陡峭斜坡的草地，和水坝农田为黄土高原多山溪谷的区域造了一个简化分水岭模型，并且定义分水岭的三个状态(即，先驱，中介，和高潮阶段，分别地)。然后，在各种各样的阶段的分水岭土壤侵蚀moduli被使用一个修订通用土壤损失方程学习。我们的结果证明先驱和高潮阶段是分水岭soil-and-water保存和控制的极端状态；在先驱阶段，土壤侵蚀模量是299.56t牵?畢湲?潦敲瑳?潦?敲汣浡瑡潩?氠慥楤杮琠?桴?敤牣慥敳漠?牡潢?潰汬湥愠?‵慫??湩挠牯?牡慥?景琠敨夠湡獧慨?畣瑬牵吗？

简介：在一座水库估计沉积免职的数量的一个传统的方法简单地基于在在不同时间做的举起大小的变化。在现在的学习，一个地文学的土壤侵蚀免职(PSED)模型被用于Tseng皮脂腺囊瘤水库分水岭计算分泌物和沉积集中进水库，和免职体积。PSED模型用三个暴风雨事件然后与在水库分水岭在水文学车站记录的历史性的数据相比被验证，它显示出在流动分泌物的模仿并且记录的价值之间的靠近的同意进水库和相应沉积收益。数字模拟也从1996～2001为所有降雨事件被进行在水库估计年度沉积免职体积。同样，模仿的结果与从剖面图举起测量获得了那相比。一些测量数据点有大无常或是可疑的，这被发现。相反，模型结果并且使模型变为可信的测量数据。因此，不管为流动的评价，进水库的分泌物由一个单个降雨事件，沉积收益，或沉积免职导致了，PSED模型成功地表明了它的能力。

简介：Opticalemissionspectroscopy(OES)wasappliedforplasmacharacterizationduringtheerosionofasphaltenesubstrates.Anamountof100mgofasphaltenewascarefullyappliedtoanelectrodeandexposedtoair-plasmaglowdischargeatapressureof1.0Torr.Theplasmawasgeneratedinastainlesssteeldischargechamberbyanacgeneratoratafrequencyof60Hz,outputpowerof50Wandagasflowrateof1.8L/min.Theelectrontemperatureandiondensitywereestimatedtobe2.15±0.11eVand(1.24±0.05)×1016m-3,respectively,usingadoubleLangmuirprobe.OESwasemployedtoobservetheemissionfromtheasphalteneexposedtoairplasma.BothmolecularbandemissionfromN2,N+2,OH,CH,NH,O2aswellasCN,andatomiclightemissionfromVandHγwereobservedandusedtomonitortheevolutionofasphalteneerosion.Theasphalteneerosionwasanalyzedwiththeaidofascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)equippedwithanenergydispersiveX-ray(EDX)detector.TheEDXanalysisshowedthatthetimeevolutionofelementsC,O,SandVweresimilar;andthechemicalcompositionoftheexposedasphaltenesremainedconstant.Particlesizeevolutionwasmeasured,showingamaximumsizeof2307μmafter60min.Thisbehaviorismostlikelyrelatedtoparticleagglomerationasafunctionoftime.