简介：Theexistingbuildingenergy-savingrenovationprojectwithquasi-publicgoodsattributeshasinherentlydefinedthecharacteristicsofmarketexternalityandinformationasymmetry,leadingtotheexistingbuildingenergy-savingrenovationmarketfailure.Improvetheexistingbuildingenergy-savingmarketdevelopmentguaranteesystemisthefoundationofpromotingmarketcultivation,andhealthydevelopment,whichneedtoimprovethelegalsystem,richincentivepolicies,clearqualitystandardsandimplementenergyefficiencylabeling.

简介：Ecologicalconservationarea,asthemainwatersourceandecologicalbarrierofacity,providesecosystemserviceforurbansustainabledevelopment.Landusesimulationandforecastcouldbebeneficialtoimprovefuturelanduseefficiencyandenvironmentalprotection.Inthispaper,wetooktheMiyundistrictasthestudyareaandappliedtheCLUE-Smodelforlandusesimulation,basedonlandusedatain2001and2010.Eightkeydrivingfactorswereselected,includingelevation,slope,distance,populationdensityandothers.Basedontheadjustedmodelparameters,thelandusepatternsof2020inMiyundistrictweresimulatedrespectivelyforrapidgrowthscenario,landuseplanningscenarioandecologicalprotectionscenarioandthenidentifytheareaneededextraordinarysupervisioninlandplanningimplementation.Theresultsshowedthatthesimulationaccuracyfor2010reached85%considerably,implyingthattheCLUE-SmodeliswellfittedformodelingthelandusepatterninMiyundistrict.Constructionlandincreasesandcultivatedlanddecreasesdramaticallyby2020inrapidgrowthandlanduseplanningscenarios.ThepotentiallandusechangetendstooccurnearMiyunreservoir,whilethesensitiveareaforecologicalprotectionandlandplanningimplementationaredistributedaroundurbanarea,FengjiayuandJugezhuangtown.Someopencastmineareas,whichwouldbeconvertedtoforestlandinplanning,willbehardtoexecuteintheactualsituation,sotheseareasshouldbepaidmoreattentioninlandmanagement.TheconclusionsmadeinthisstudywillprovidedatareferenceandbasicinformationforthefutureecologicalprotectionandlanduseplanningimplementationinMiyundistrict,whichcouldalsobeusefulforothersimilarcities.

简介：Buildingenergyefficiencyisalong-termstrategytoachievesustainabledevelopment,buttheinconsistenciesofmaininterestsduringtheimplementationleadtotheneedforgovernmentregulationinbuildingenergyconservation.Implementationofbuildingenergyefficiencyofgovernmentregulationcoversthreeaspectsofconstructionandinvolvesrelevantparticipators,sothepaperanalyzesinterestsandrolesoftherelatedsubjectsinbuildingenergysaving,explorethemotivationsanditsconversionmechanismofeachplayer,anddissectthegamerelationshipofassociatedearningsofdevelopers’andconsumers’behaviorsselectionundergovernmentcontrol.Finally,thepaperproposesbasicrequirementsofbuildingincentivepoliciesforrelatedsubjectsundergovernmentcontroltoregulatethemainbehaviorsofsubjectsinbuildingenergyefficientbuildingsandachieveenergyefficiencygoalsandbalanceofallparties’benefits.

简介：TheCountryParksofHongKongoccupy40%ofthetotallandmassofHongKong,andconsistsofvastareasofsecondarywoodlands,scrublands,grasslands,andreservoirs.Thatvegetation-andthesoilunderneathsubtractcarbonfromtheatmosphere,whichhasamarketvalue.Theaimofthispaperistoestimatethevalueofthatcarbon,toassesswhetherthatvaluewouldbesufficienttopayfortheupkeepoftheCountryParks,andtocomparethatvaluetothecostsofalternativewaystoreduceatmosphericcarbondioxide.Todothis,wecomparethelandcoverof1978,1991,1997and2004usingremotesensing,andidentifythethreepredominantlandcovers(woodlands,scrublands,grasslands).WethenestimatetheamountandvalueofthecarbonsequesteredbythevegetationandsoiloftheCountryParks,andcompareittothebudgetavailabletotheAgriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartmenttoruntheCountryParks(HK$234millionin2009/2010).Weextrapolateourresultsover50years,from1978to2028.Weconcludethatby2028thecarbonsequesteredwouldbevaluedoverHK$800million,butthevalueoftheadditionalcarbonsubtractedyearlywouldonlycoverapproximately7%ofthetotalbudgetneededtoruntheCountryParks.WealsoconcludethatbecauseofthelargebudgetallocatedtotheCountryParks,alternativemethodsofcarbonsequestration-representedbytheEUETSpriceofcarbon-aremuchcheaper.

简介：Non-timberforestproducts(NTFPs)canplayakeyroleinsustainableruraldevelopmentduetotheirabilitytosupportrurallivelihoodswhilecontributingtoenvironmentalobjectives,includingbiodiversityconservation.However,systematicunderstandingoftheirroleandpotentialinconservationanddevelopmentremainsweak.Studieshavepointedtoimportantknowledgegapsthatmayleadtoseriousexploitationandunsustainableuseofthenaturalresource'NTFP'inChina,suchas(1)lackofbasicknowledgeongermplasmandnon-existingorincom-pleteinventory,(2)noin-depthandlong-termmonitoringandinstitutionalarrangementstoascertainsustainableextractionlevels,(3)insufficientmarkettransparencyforcommunities,(4)incompleteknowledgeofNTFPdomesti-cationanditseffectsonproductqualityandpriceandtheconservationofwildsources,and(5)noexistingresearchonthefulllengthofthecommoditychainformajornon-timberforestproductsandthevariousactorsinthechain.ThispaperpresentsinitiativestowardbalancingpovertyreductionandbiodiversityconservationgoalsinChina'sremotemountainregionsthroughthesustainablemanagementofNTFPs.Thepotentialandchallengesoforganic,ecologicalandFairtradecertificationschemesinthecontextofsmallholderfarmersarediscussedinmoredetail.