简介：Anovelapproachhasbeendevelopedtodeterminetheamountofresidualwaterinhumanerythrocyteatroomtemperaturebyelectronicparticlecounter.Naclsolutionsof13osmolalitieswerepreparedandtheequilibriumcellvolumesinwhichweremeasuredonebyone.Theisotonicvolume,Vo,wasobtainedundertheisotoniccondition.ThemeanRBCvolumesof5donorsateachosmolalitywerefittedaccordingtoBoylevan'tHoffrelationship,andtheosmoticallyinactivevolume,Vb,oferythrocytewasthendetermined.TheresultsshowthatVb＝50%Vo.Moreimportantly,thefinalcellvolumewithregardtothesolutionofthehighestconcentrationfoundtobekeptatabout0.5V0.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwovolumesisunconspicuous.Accordingtothepublisheddatathatnon-watervolumeofhumanerythrocyteisabout28.3%ofitsisotonicvolume,residualwaterofhumanerythrocytecanbegainedbysubtractingVdryfromVf,thatisVrw----21.7%VoThenitwasconcludedthattheresidualwaterofhumanlaysin2states,oneisboundwater,andtheotherisfreewater.

简介：

简介：

简介：目的Coptidis根茎(CR)，亚洲植物(包括的黄连属chinensisFranch)的弄干的根茎，被用来对待糖尿病mellitus几千年。我们探索了CR在骨胳的肌肉上直接扮演的可能性，为葡萄糖动态平衡负责的主要机关，并且激活5-AMP-activated蛋白质kinase(AMPK)，导致骨胳的肌肉的新陈代谢的改进的一个发信号的中间人。孤立的老鼠epitrochlearis和soleus肌肉在包含一篇CR水摘录(CE)的一个缓冲区被孵化的方法，和AMPK和相关事件的激活被检验。响应CE治疗的结果，在AMPK的催化子单元的Thr172的phosphorylation，为完整的kinase激活的必要的步，在两肌肉增加了。乙酰CoAcarboxylase(ACC)的Ser79的Phosphorylation，AMPK的内长的底层，附随地增加了。isoform特定的AMPK活动的分析表明CE两个都激活催化子单元的1和2isoforms。重要地，AMPKphosphorylation上的CE的最大的效果比berberine(BBR)的显著地大，显示CE的行动完全没被归功于到BBR。我们建议那CE的结论是在快抽动、慢抽动的骨胳的肌肉的AMPK的尖锐使活跃之物。

简介：AbstractImportance:Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) display compromised epidermal barrier and suffer from poor quality of life. We hypothesized that quality of life could reflect in the changes in the epidermal barrier function.Objective:To determine whether the epidermal barrier function correlates with the severity of pruritus and/or life quality in children with AD.Methods:A total of 120 children, aged 0-12 years, with moderate AD were enrolled. Children were topically treated with topical corticosteroids (TCS) and an emollient for 2 weeks. The Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pruritus severity, the Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQOL) and the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were evaluated. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates, stratum corneum (SC) hydration, and skin surface pH were measured. Correlations of epidermal barrier function with pruritus, life quality, and EASI were determined.Results:Following 2-week treatments, significant improvements were observed in EASI, TEWL, SC hydration, the VAS of pruritus, as well as DQOL (P < 0.001 for all). TEWL positively, while SC hydration negatively correlated with VAS pruritus, DQOL, and EASI (P < 0.001).Interpretation:Both TEWL and SC hydration levels can serve as indicators of the severity of pruritus and quality of life in children with AD.

简介：无

简介：AbstractCyclone Idai, which hit Mozambique in March 2019, was one of the worst climate-related natural disasters on record in the Southern Hemisphere causing massive destruction of housing and disruption to vital infrastructure including the electrical grid, communications and water supply. Almost two million people were affected with over 600 deaths, hundreds of thousands of people displaced accompanied by rapid spread of cholera. We describe emergency measures taken by the Government of Mozambique, in collaboration with multilateral partners, to establish a real-time disease surveillance system, implement interventions recommended by a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) taskforce and rapidly scale up a massive community vaccination program to control a cholera epidemic.

简介：SpinaldorsalhornN-Methyl-D-asparticacidreceptor2B(NR2B)overexpressionplaysanimportantroleintheproductionandmaintenanceofneuropathicpain.BecausesmallinterferingRNA(siRNA)caninhibitNR2Bexpression,siRNAmayprovideanovelapproachtotreatneuropathicpainandpossiblynerveinjury.However,anefficientandsafevectorforNR2BsiRNAhasnotbeendiscov-ered.Thisstudyshowsthatawatersolublelipopolymer(WSLP)comprisedoflowmolecularweightpolyethyleneimine(PEI)andcholesterolcandeliversiRNAtargetingNR2Bforthetreatmentofneuropathicpain.ResultsshowthatintrathecalinjectionofWSLP/siRNAcomplexesfor3daysin-hibitNR2BgeneexpressionwithreductionsinmRNAandproteinlevelsby59%and54%,respec-tively,comparedwithcontrolrats(P<0.01).InjectionofWSLPcomplexedwithscrambledsiRNA,orPEIwithsiRNAdidnotshowthisinhibitoryeffect.Moreover,injectionofWSLP/siRNAcomplexessignificantlyrelievedneuropathicpainat3,7,12,and21days,whileinjectionofWSLPwithscrambledsiRNAorPEIwithsiRNAdidnot.TheseresultsdemonstratethatWSLPcanefficientlydeliversiRNAtargetingNR2Binvivoandrelieveneuropathicpain.

简介：