简介:Intheair-waterquantumkeydistribution(QKD),theirregularseasurfacehassomeinfluenceonthephotonpolariza-tionstate.Thewindisconsideredasthemainfactorcausingtheirregularity,sothemodelofirregularseasurfacebasedonthewindspeedisadopted.Therelationshipsofthequantumbiterrorratewiththewindspeedandtheinitialincidentanglearesimulated.Therefore,themaximumsecuretransmissiondepthofQKDisconfirmed,andthelimita-tionofthewindspeedandtheinitialincidentangleisdetermined.Thesimulationresultsshowthatwhenthewindspeedandtheinitialincidentangleincrease,theperformanceofQKDwillfalldown.Undertheintercept-resendattackcondition,themaximumsafetransmissiondepthofQKDisupto105m.Torealizesafecommunicationsinthesafedivingdepthofsubmarines(100m),theinitialincidentangleisrequestedtobenotexceeding26~,andwiththeinitialincidentan~leincreased,thelimitationofwindspeedisdecreased.
简介:Demandresponse(DR)isgainingmoreandmoreimportanceinthearchitectureofpowersystemsinacontextofflexibleloadsandhighshareofintermittentgeneration.ChangesinelectricitymarketsregulationinseveralcountrieshaverecentlyenabledaneffectiveintegrationofDRmechanismsinpowersystems.Throughitsflexiblecomponents(pumps,tanks),drinkingwatersystemsaresuitablecandidatesforenergy-efficientDRmechanisms.However,thesesystemsareoftenmanagedindependentlyofpowersystemoperationforbotheconomicandoperationalreasons.Indeed,asufficientlevelofeconomicviabilityandwaterdemandsriskmanagementarenecessaryforwaterutilitiestointegratetheirflexibilitiestopowersystemoperation.Inthispaper,weproposedamathematicalmodelforoptimizingpumpschedulesinwatersystemswhiletradingDRblocsinaspotpowermarketduringpeaktimes.Uncertaintiesaboutwaterdemandswereconsideredinthemathematicalmodelallowingtoproposepowerreductionscoveringthepotentialriskofreal-timewaterdemandforecastinginaccuracy.NumericalresultswerediscussedonarealwatersysteminFrance,demonstratingbotheconomicandecologicalbenefits.