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简介：摘要2019年发行的第5版WHO消化系统肿瘤分册中胰腺肿瘤分类有一定的改变，我们就该部分的主要改变作简要的总结和概括，主要归纳为新分册中排版的调整、癌前病变的分级和命名、新增/命名的病变、重新归类的病变、已知肿瘤的重新定义以及肿瘤TNM分期的改变等，与2010年发行的第4版进行比较，以帮助读者更快的理解应用新分类的内容，指导临床诊治。

简介：摘要本文解读了2019版WHO消化系统肿瘤分类中胰腺肿瘤与2010版间的差异，对新增的胰腺肿瘤类型进行了描述，并介绍了一些新的概念。WHO新分类越来越强调基于肿瘤基因改变基础上的肿瘤分型，也越来越强调形态学的重要性。尽快熟悉和掌握这些变化对于正确诊断胰腺肿瘤并指导其临床治疗均具有十分重要的意义。

简介：摘要2020年发行的第5版WHO骨与软组织肿瘤分册中骨肿瘤分类有一定的改变，笔者就该部分的主要改变作简要的总结和概括，主要归纳为新版中整体骨肿瘤分类的调整、各骨肿瘤的分级和命名、新增/删除的病变、重新归类的病变和已知肿瘤的重新定义等，与2013年发行的第4版进行比较，以帮助读者更快地理解应用新分类的内容，指导临床诊治。

简介：摘要世界卫生组织（WHO）于2021年3月2日发布了首份《世界听力报告》，报告分析了听力健康的重要性、现状、挑战和未来的发展方向。本文将解读听力保健覆盖全生命周期的概念，强调“筛防治”一体化的管理理念；分析报告中使用的新的听力下降分级标准的内涵和意义；参考WHO提出的以“H.E.A.R.I.N.G.”为代号的干预策略，分析我国听力卫生保健在相关领域的政策法规和执行现状，并提出一些可能的改进方案。

简介：摘要此意见书取代2008年WHO关于伤寒疫苗的意见书，介绍伤寒结合疫苗和多糖疫苗的免疫原性、效果、同时接种、成本效益、特殊人群接种和WHO关于使用新一代伤寒结合疫苗的建议和意见。

简介：摘要此文取代2016年WHO关于登革热疫苗的意见书，介绍了登革热疫苗的特性、免疫原性、效力、保护作用持续时间、安全性、同时接种、成本效益和WHO对该疫苗的意见。

简介：摘要第5版WHO乳腺肿瘤分类已于2019年底正式出版，本文就新版分类中的主要更新内容进行解读。内容主要涉及新版WHO乳腺肿瘤分类的总体情况，以及浸润性癌、非浸润性癌、上皮-肌上皮肿瘤和纤维上皮性肿瘤内容的更新。

简介：摘要第5版WHO泌尿及男生殖器官肿瘤分类已于2022年5月出版，与2016年第4版WHO分类相比，睾丸肿瘤虽然在基础研究方面已经取得了不少进展，但第5版分类仍然植根于形态学，保留了第4版的框架结构和主要命名法。本文将就第5版分类中睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤、性索-间质肿瘤以及睾丸附属器官肿瘤相关的主要更新内容进行解读。

简介：摘要第5版WHO泌尿及男生殖器官肿瘤分类已于2022年5月正式出版，内容涵盖多器官、多类型肿瘤的组织病理及分子病理的重要进展，其中肾脏部分不仅更新了对已知肿瘤的认识，也新增了多种独特的肿瘤类型，本文就第5版WHO中肾脏肿瘤分类的主要变化予以解读。

简介：摘要2020版《软组织和骨肿瘤WHO分类》，在2013版分类的基础上，纳入了新的分子遗传数据和临床肿瘤数据，更新了软组织肿瘤的分类方案，新增了肿瘤的实体和亚型，更深入细致地描述每个疾病。这里，我们试总结第5版的更新内容，着重介绍软组织肿瘤章节的分类变化以及新近描述的肿瘤实体和亚型。

简介：摘要2020版《软组织和骨肿瘤WHO分类》，在2013版分类的基础上，纳入了新的分子遗传数据和临床肿瘤数据，更新了软组织肿瘤的分类方案，新增了肿瘤的实体和亚型，更深入细致的描述每个疾病。这里，我们试总结第5版的更新内容，着重介绍软组织肿瘤章节的分类变化以及新近描述的肿瘤实体和亚型。

简介：AbstractMonkeypox has a very prominent regional epidemic. It has been confined to Western and Central African countries. Sporadic cases found in countries outside Africa generally have a history of sojourn in endemic areas. However, the recent multinational outbreak of monkeypox cases in Europe in early May 2022 has revealed a changing epidemiological trend, those confirmed cases had no sojourn history in endemic areas and with a high proportion of cases involving men who have sex with men (MSM). Among the MSM cases, many of them presented atypical clinical manifestations of monkeypox and with other sexually transmitted diseases co-infection. Combined with the high social interactivity in this community, there is likely a higher risk of monkeypox transmission in this population. Establishing an infectious disease surveillance system, maintaining highly vigilant regarding the transmission of monkeypox in MSM, and responding promptly are necessary and effective measures to contain the outbreak.

简介：AbstractImportance:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children. Multidisciplinary care is critical to improving the survival of pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.Objective:To systematically summarize the clinical characteristics of children with neuroblastoma and evaluate their prognosis with multidisciplinary care provided in a single center.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 1041 patients with neuroblastoma who were diagnosed, treated, and followed-up in the Hematology-Oncology Center of Beijing Children’s Hospital from 2007 to 2019.Results:The median age at diagnosis was 34 months; 80.8% of the patients were younger than 5 years of age. Notably, 243 patients (23.3%) were classified as low-risk, 249 patients (23.9%) were classified as intermediate-risk, and 549 (52.7%) were classified as high-risk. Furthermore, 956 patients underwent surgical resections; 986 (94.7%) patients received chemotherapy; and 176 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 91.3% and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 97.5% in low-risk group; in the intermediate-risk group, these rates were 85.1% and 96.7%, respectively, while they were 37.7% and 48.9% in the high-risk group (P < 0.001 for both). The 5-year EFS and OS rates were significantly higher in patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 than in patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 (P < 0.001). In total, 278 patients (26.7%) exhibited tumor relapse or progression; the median interval until relapse or progression was 14 months. Of the 233 patients who died, 83% died of relapse or progression of neuroblastoma and 4.3% died of therapy-related complications.Interpretation:The 5-year OS rate was low in high-risk patients, compared with low-and intermediate-risk patients. Multidisciplinary care is critical for improvement of survival in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Additional treatment strategies should be sought to improve the prognosis of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.

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简介：摘要第5版WHO甲状腺肿瘤分类以细胞发生机制为新分类框架的基础，以组织学、分子和临床生物学特征来判定肿瘤分类和亚型。甲状腺滤泡起源的肿瘤为甲状腺内最常见的肿瘤，包括良性、低风险和恶性肿瘤。良性肿瘤包括滤泡腺瘤、常伴有甲状腺功能亢进的乳头状滤泡腺瘤、嗜酸性细胞腺瘤和新概念甲状腺滤泡结节性病变。低风险肿瘤包括具有乳头样核特征的非浸润性甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤、恶性潜能未定的肿瘤和透明变梁状肿瘤。滤泡起源的恶性肿瘤根据分子特征和侵袭性分为BRAF样恶性肿瘤和RAS样恶性肿瘤。不提倡≤1 cm的乳头状癌作为独立亚型，而应根据形态特征进行亚分型。提出高级别甲状腺滤泡细胞起源癌，包括传统低分化癌、高级别分化型甲状腺癌，形态特征为核分裂象增加、肿瘤坏死、不伴有间变特征，临床生物学行为相似。鳞状细胞癌为间变性癌的一种亚型。

简介：摘要WHO于2019年在日内瓦发布了数字健康全球战略报告（2020—2025年），确立了数字健康战略的优先地位，制定了战略目标、指导原则、行动框架和实施计划等，旨在推动全球数字健康的发展，努力实现全民健康和与健康相关目标的可持续发展。我国在数字健康领域发展较为迅速，但距离实现数字健康的目标仍存在较大的差距。因此亟须把握数字健康发展的重大历史机遇，以数字技术平台为支撑，加快我国迈进数字健康新时代。

简介：AbstractBackground:The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people who use drugs (PWUD) is significant. We aimed to screen HIV infection among PWUD and describe their retention in HIV care. Besides, we also screen for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-seropositive PWUD and describe their linkage to care.Methods:We conducted a prospective study in 529 PWUD who visited the "Cañada Real Galiana" (Madrid, Spain). The study period was from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018. HIV diagnosis was performed with a rapid antibody screening test at the point-of-care (POC) and HCV diagnosis with immunoassay and PCR tests on dried blood spot (DBS) in a central laboratory. Positive PWUD were referred to the hospital. We used the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, to compare rates between groups.Results:Thirty-five (6.6%) participants were positive HIV antibodies, but 34 reported previous HIV diagnoses, and 27 (76%) had prior antiretroviral therapy. Among patients with a positive HIV antibody test, we also found a higher prevalence of homeless (P < 0.001) and injection drug use (PWID) (P < 0.001), and more decades of drug use (P= 0.002). All participants received HIV test results at the POC. Of the 35 HIV positives, 28 (80%) were retained in HIV medical care at the end of the HIV screening study (2018), and only 22 (62.9%) at the end of 2020. Moreover, 12/35 (34.3%) were positive for the HCV RNA test. Of the latter, 10/12 (83.3%) were contacted to deliver the HCV results test (delivery time of 19 days), 5/12 (41.7%) had an appointment and were attended at the hospital and started HCV therapy, and only 4/12 (33.3%) cleared HCV.Conclusions:We found almost no new HIV-infected PWUD, but their cascade of HIV care was low and remains a challenge in this population at risk. The high frequency of active hepatitis C in HIV-infected PWUD reflects the need for HCV screening and reinforcing the link to care.

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简介：摘要唾液腺肿瘤的分类是头颈部外科病理学中最具挑战性的领域之一。2022年第5版WHO《头颈部肿瘤病理学和遗传学分类》中基于唾液腺肿瘤的分子病理特征对其组织学分类进行了更新和补充，本文针对该部分的主要变化进行总结和归纳，其主要变化包括新纳入的唾液腺良恶性肿瘤、命名或诊断标准更新的唾液腺肿瘤以及从唾液腺肿瘤这一章节中删除的病变等。本文着重介绍新版分类中唾液腺肿瘤分类的更新和变化，以期为头颈外科和病理科医师提供参考。