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简介：AbstractBackground:Thermal ablation of thyroid nodules is new modality for the management of the benign and malign lesions. This minimally invasive treatment is performed as an outpatient, local anesthetic, single professional procedure that can treat neoplastic lesions without removing normal thyroid tissue and thus avoiding hypothyroidism.Method:A comprehensive review of the most relevant literature regarding the thermal ablation of benign and malign nodules was performed in order to currently define its role on the management of the nodular thyroid disease. The data was divided into benign and malign literature.Results:The benign nodules can be effectively treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) but some limitation exists regarding the nodule’s size but not nodules characteristics. The RFA of primary malign tumors of the thyroid recently demonstrated positive and safe long-term follow-up and encouraged additional investigation and possibly a definitive role in the management of these low risk nodules.Conclusion:RFA is a safe, cost-effective minimally invasive procedure that avoids thyroid tissue removal while destroying neoplastic one thus, preventing hypothyroidism.

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简介：Inordertoevaluatetheinvolvementofthethyroidglandinreproduction,thyroidfunc-tioningwasdescribedinfemalecultivatedJapaneseeel(Anguillajaponica)inprogressivestagesofsex-ualmaturationinducedbychumsalmonpituitaryhomogenate(SPH)treatment.Serumthyroidhor-mones,thyroxine(T4)andtriiodothyronine(T3)werealsomeasuredineachstage.Thyroidglandac-tivity(epithelialcellheight)washighbeforeSPHinjection(previtellogenicstage),furtherincreasingattheearlyvitellogenicstage,thereafterdecreasingtolatevitellogenicandmigratorynucleusstages.TheprofilesofbothT3andT4changedduringvitellogenesis,beinghighduringprevitellogenicandearlyvitellogenicstages,andsubsequentlydeclining,thusmimickingthyroidglandactivity.Theseresultssuggestthatthethyroidhasrelationwitheelovariandevelopmentduringartificialmaturation.

简介：Althoughthyroidcarcinomaisarelativelycommonformofmalignancy,metastaticspreadtotheskullisrare.Here,wereportacaseofpapillarythyroidcarcinomawithfrontalandparietalmetastasis.A61-year-oldChinesewomanpresentedwithaoneyearhistoryofagrowingmassonthecenterofthefrontalandparietalbone,initiallythoughttobemeningioma.Biopsyoftheskullbasemassafterintracalvariumexcision,indicatedatumorofthyroidorigin.Onemonthlaterthepatientunderwentatotalthyroidectomy.Pathologicalexaminationconfirmedadiagnosisofpapillarythyroidcarcinomawithfrontalandparietalbonemetastasis.Basedonthisexperience,thekeytosuccessfulmanagementoftheskullmetastasisofthyroidcarcinomaispromptdiagnosisandappropriatetreatment.Skullmetastasisshouldbeconsideredattheoutsetoftheclinicalcourseofpapillarythyroidcancer.Tofacilitatethis,patientsshouldbemeticulouslyinvestigatedbyamultidisciplinaryteamtoimprovequalityoflife.

简介：为了评估antithyroidantibodie层次，有甲状腺疾病的526个病人和292健康的意义，从Yuci使区域遭到，山西省，中国，被学习。浆液层次为甲状腺荷尔蒙受体抗体(TRAb)被决定，microsomal抗体(TMAb)和thyrogiobulin抗体(TGAb)。在病人之中，为榴状的甲状腺肿和甲状腺腺瘤，坟的疾病，和Hashimoto的甲状腺炎的百分比分别地是44.1%，19.6%和17.7%。到男性的女性的比率是2.0～15.6个.Antibody积极的病人因为TMAb，TGAb和TRAb为Hashimoto的甲状腺炎作为94.6%，76.3%和20.4%可检测，并且40.0%，30.0%和90.3%为格雷夫斯的疾病。为描绘疾病和forusingas的流行病学的基础在结论，在Hashimoto的甲状腺炎和自发的甲状腺机能减退的TGAb/TMAb的在坟的疾病的TRAb的高水平，和那些是有意义的为在单个病人的恶化的预示的指示物。

简介：AbstractLymph node metastasis is common in differentiated thyroid cancer especially papillary thyroid cancer. Presence of lymph node metastasis does not have an impact on survival in younger patients. Therapeutic central and lateral neck dissection in the presence of clinically or radiologically evident lymph nodes has resulted in good overall survival. However, disease persistence in the lymph node/early recurrences may be seen in patients owing to lymph nodes that may be missed during the initial neck dissection. These observed locations are retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal nodal location, retro carotid location, sublingual, axillary, and intraparotid locations, supraclavicular and superficial to the sternothyroid muscle. We aim to highlight these locations with the goal to minimize persistence or early recurrence of disease at these locations.

简介：Anuranmetamorphosisinvolvessystematictransformationsofindividualorgansinathyroidhormone(TH)-dependentmanner.Morphologicalandcellularstudieshaveshownthattheremovaloflarvalorgans/tissuessuchthetailandthetadpoleintestinalepitheliumisthroughprogrammedcelldeathorapop-tosis.RecentmolecularinvestigationssuggestthatTHregulatesmetamorphosisbyregulatingtargetgeneexpressionthroughthyroidhormonereceptors(TRs),whichareDNA-bindingtranscriptionfactors.Cloning

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简介：AbstractBackground:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) refers to the sudden occurrence of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. The present study showed that different systemic diseases had different influence on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL. Thyroid hormone is one of the important factors for the development of fetal ear and auditory function. However, the distribution of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL patients and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL has not been studied.Methods:In this study, a retrospective analysis had been done in 676 patients with SSHL. We had described the distribution of thyroid function in patients with SSHL in detail, and by the statistical method, analyzed the relationship between the hearing outcome and thyroid dysfunction, respectively.Results:In all patients, 24.41% (165/676) had abnormal thyroid function testing results. The onset age of SSHL in FT3 abnormal group (including low and high group) was younger than that in normal FT3 group. Recovery group had more patients with lower-than-normal T3 level as compared to non-recovery patients. Significant associations between T3 levels and hearing outcome were observed in the subgroup with longer time elapse between symptom onset and treatment (≥14 d).Conclusion:The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL is significantly higher than in the general population. There was obvious relationship between T3 and FT3 item of thyroid dysfunction and the onset time and hearing outcome of SSHL, which indicated that T3 or FT3 indicator may be one of the affecting factors for the SSHL. Early screening and diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, especial T3 level, may help to evaluate the prognosis in SSHL patients.

简介：AbstractThe aim of this paper is to discuss the risk of recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and emphasize the importance of risk-group stratification, early recurrence identification and application of new imaging modalities, what is the PET-CT. Moreover, follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma should be carried out by specialized teams throughout life. Therefore, interdisciplinary case discussions in tumor conferences may improve the use of multimodal therapy especially in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. After baseline follow-up, if there is a suspicion of thyroid carcinoma, early PET-CT should be used for early detection and appropriate planning. Fortunately, due to the good localization possibility, the PET-CT enables a focused surgical procedure with avoidance of an unnecessary tumor search and thereby a reduction of the risk of injury of neighboring structures which is a concern with reoperative neck surgery.

简介：AbstractBackground:The standard treatment for pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) still requires consideration because of a lack of clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical experiences and explore the risk factors for post-operative recurrence through a retrospective analysis to develop better clinical strategies for pediatric DTC.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed children and adolescents with DTC who were treated between January 1999 and December 2014 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Clinicopathological results and outcomes were collected. A log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression model were used to determine the factors associated with recurrence.Results:Data of 150 patients were collected in this study. During the follow-up, there was only one disease-related death. The recurrence rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were 13.6%, 18.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the rate of recurrence according to age (P < 0.001), extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), and invasion of the trachea and esophageal wall (P = 0.004). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age (P = 0.006) and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.013) were significant dependent factors of post-operative recurrence.Conclusions:The prognosis of DTC in children and adolescents is favorable. A close follow-up is recommended because of the high recurrence rate. A comparatively higher recurrence rate was observed in the younger age group, and new age-based divisions may be needed to conveniently evaluate the possibility of recurrence.

简介：ObjectivesToobservetherelationshipbetweenThyroidHormone(TH)levelandbloodlipidlevelinthehealthyelderlywiththerapyofsmalldoseofTH.MethodsAtotalof120healthyoldpersonswererandomlydividedintotwogroups:60oldpersonsastreatmentgroupandother60personsascontrolgroup.Eachpersoninthetreatmentgrouptookathyroidtablet10mgdailycontinuouslyforsixmonthswhilethecontrolgrouptookVitB130mgdailyinsteadofthyroidtablet.ThelevelofTH,M-TSH,FT3,FT4,TT4,rT3,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,ApoA1weremeasuredintwogroupsbeforeandafterreceivingTHorVit.B1treatment.ResultsInthetreatmentgroupthelevelofTHincreasedobviously.AndTC,TG,LDL-ClevelsdecreasedalsotosomeextentwhileHDL-C,ApoAllevelsincreasedslightlywhichwassignificantwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroupandpre-treatmentgroup.ConclusionsTousesmalldoseofTHassupplementtreatmentcanincreasetheTHlevelofhealthyoldpersonsanddecreasethei

简介：Objective:Toreportthedevelopmentofatechniqueforminimallyinvasivethyroidlobectomy.Method:Theprocedurewasacceptedby200patientswithanoduleofthelobeofthethyroid.Weperformedhemithyroidectomysthrougha2-4cmlow-collarhorizontalskinincisionbyconventionalinstrumentation.Results:Therecurrentlaryngealnerveandtheparathyroidglandswereeasilyidentifiedandpreserved.Theamountofbleedingrangedfrom5to50ml(mean15ml).MeanOperationtimewas52.2minutes(ranged32to80minutes).Nocomplicationoccurred.Meanpostoperativestaywas5.5days(ranged4to7days).Theincisionprovidedexcellentcometicresultsbecausethesmallandlowerincisionswerecompletelyhiddenbyclothingcollar.Conclusion:Theabovetechniqueisfeasible,safe,minimallyinvasive,lesstimeandcostconsumingandcosmetical.

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简介：Anuranmetamorphosisinvolvessystematictransformationsofindividualorgansinathyroidhormone(TH)-dependentmanner.Morphologicalandcellularstudieshaveshownthattheremovaloflarvalorgans/tissuessuchthetailandthetadpoleintestinalepitheliumisthroughprogrammedcelldeathorapoptosis.RecentmolecularinvestigationssuggestthatTHregulatesmetamorphosisbyregulatingtargetgeneexpressionthroughthyroidhormonereceptors(TRs),whichareDNA-bindingtranscriptionfactors.CloningandcharacterizationofTHresponsegenesshowthatdiversegroupsofearlyresponsegenesareinducedbyTH.TheproductsoftheseTHresponsegenesarebelievedtodirectlyorindirectlyaffecttheexpressionand/orfunctionsofcelldeathgenes,whichareconservedatbothsequenceandfunctionlevelsindifferentanimalspecies.Amajorchallengeforfutureresearchliesatdeterminingthesignalingpathwaysleadingtotheactivationofapoptoticprocessesandwhetherdifferentdeathgenesareinvolvedintheregulationofapoptosisindifferenttissues/organstoeffecttissue-specifictransformations.

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简介：Theincidenceofpapillarythyroidcarcinoma(PTC)hasexponentiallyincreasedinrecentyears.Papillarythyroidmicrocarcinoma(PTMC)accountsforthemajorityofthereportedcasesofPTC.ThedebatesandcrucialissuesinPTMCmanagementhavereceivedresearchers'attention.TofurtherimprovetheclinicalmanagementofPTMCinChina,

简介：Inrecentyears,theclinicalincidenceofthyroidcancerhasbeenincreasingyearbyyear,anditsriskassessmentandclinicalmanagementmethodshavealsobeenaccordinglymodifiedandconstantlyimproved.TherearegreatdifferencesbetweentheclinicaldiagnosticandtherapeuticmodesanddiseasemanagementofthyroidcanceremployedbyvariousmedicalinstitutionsinChina,particularlywithregardtotheclinicalapplicationofserummarkerofthyroidcancer.Tothisend,theChinaAnti-CancerAssociationThyroidCancerSpecializedCommitteeChineseAssociationofThyroidOncologyorganizedthiscompilationofExpertConsensusonClinicalApplicationofSerumMarkerofThyroidCancertohelpandimpelrelevantclinicalinstitutionsandprofessionalstostandardizeclinicaldiagnosis,treatment,andlong-termmanagementofthyroidcancer,andtoproperlyutilizetheserummarkerforscientificauxiliaryclinicaldiagnosisandassessmentofthyroidcancerbeforeandafteroperation.