简介：Low-lyingstatesofaverticallycoupledthree-layerquantum-dotsystemarestudied.Eachlayercontainsoneelectron,andthetunnellingofelectronsbetweenlayersisneglected.EffectsoftheinterlayerseparationdandtheexternalmagneticfieldBareevaluatedbynumericalcalculations.Inthestrongcouplingcase(i.e.dissmall),asinasingledot,transitionsoftheangularmomentumLofthetruegroundstatesoccurwhenBincreases,whereasintheweakcouplingcasethetransitiondoesnotoccurandLremainszero.Furthermore,itisfoundthatthevariationofdmayalsoinducetheLtransition.Asaresult,aphasediagramofLofthetruegroundstateisgiveninthed-Bplane.

简介：Thispaperpresentsawaytomeasurethetruetemperatureoftheelectronicdeviceswithoutdisturbingtheirnormaloperatingconditions,whichinvolvedwithestimatingtargetemissivity,backgroundtemperaturecorrectlyandchoosinginfraredtransparentmaterialanditstransmissionestimation.Thetemperaturedistributionsofthemainboardinpersonalcomputerweremeasuredbythemethodpresentedherewithinfraredthermographyinseveraldifferentrunningconditions.Themeasurementerrorsandtheirpossibleremediesarealsodiscussed.

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