简介:Duetothecloserelationshipbetweenregionalclimateanomaliesandsocial-economyandsocietydevelopment,climatologistsworldwidepaidgreatattentiontotheregionalclimateanomaliesoveralongperiodoftimeandthecorrespondinginvestigationofregionalclimatemodelinghasmadegreatprogresses.Since1990theregionalclimatesimulationshavemadeamoresubstantialachievement.Thispaperwillfocusonthereliabilityanduncertaintiesofregionalclimatemodelingbyglobalclimatemodels,theadvancesonregionalclimatemodelingintheworldandtheoutlookofregionalclimatemodeling.
简介:Urbangreening,urbanforestryandurbangreenstructureplanningalllookatacityasaunitandintendtoimprovethestatusofgreenspaceinthecity.Eventhoughtheyarenewterms,theirconceptshaveevolvedoveraratherlongperiod.Thispaperpresentsahistoricalreviewofwesternconceptsforurbangreeningsincethe1850s.Thefirstaimistoestablishanoverviewofhowtheurbangreeningconcepthasdevelopedandwhattherelationshipsarebetweenthehistoricalconceptsandurbangreening,urbanforestryandurbangreenstructureplanningtoday.Thesecondarypurposeistounderstandsomekeyissuesforurbangreeningthroughtheexaminationofhistoricalprecedents.Basedonaliteraturereview,thepaperpresentsseveralhistoricalconceptsforurbangreening-rampartareaplanning,parksystem,greenbelts,greenwedgesandgreenways.Thenewconceptofurbangreenstructureisalsointroduced.Eachconceptisdefined.Thesocialbackgroundandtheinfluenceoncitydevelopmentaredescribed.Thereviewshowsthattheconceptofurbangreeninghasalonghistory,parallelwiththedevelopmentofthecityplanningconcepts.Thescopeofurbangreeninghasbecomelargeroverthepastyears.Thefunctionsofurbangreenspacehavechangedfromsingle-purposetomulti-purpose.Thestudyindicatesthathistoricalconceptsmaystillgiveinspirationintoday'surbangreeningprocess.
简介:Abetterunderstandingofthelong-termglobalcarboncyclerequiredestimateofthechangesinterrestrialcarbonstorageafterthelastglacialperiod.Theresultsofsimulationatmid-Holocene(MH)fromPMIP(PaleoclimateModelingIntercomparisonProject)andthemoderndatafromCRU(ClimateResearchUnit,EastAngliaUniversity,UK)allowustousetheAtmosphere-VegetationInteractionModel(AVIM)tosimulatetheChineseterrestrialnetprimaryproductivity(NPP)at6kaBPandpresenttime.ThechangeofNPPandtotalNPPinChinafromnowtomid-Holoceneareabout54gm-2yr-1and0.63Pgyr-1,respectively,mainlyduetothebuild-upoftemperateforestandtropicalrainforest.ChineseterrestrialNPPvariationfromMHtonowiscloselyrelatedtothevariationinintensityofAsianmonsoon,whichcontrolledtheclimate-vegetationpatternchange.
简介:ThisarticleaddressessedimentresearchcarriedoutfortheThreeGorgesProjectsince1993,whentheconstructionoftheprojectwasformallystarted.Emphasisoftheresearchhasbeenplacedonthesolutionofrelevantproblemsarisingfromdesignandconstructionofvariousstructures,includingsedimentationproblemsintheChongqingreach;layoutoftheupperlockapproachchannelandwaysandmeanstomitigateitsdeposition;increasingreservoircapacitybyoptimizingreservoiroperation;compensatingdepthofflowrequiredbynavigationbelowtheGezhoubaProjectcausedbyscouring;mitigationofadverseeffectsoferosiononthereachfromZhichengtoJiangkou;andevaluatingscouroftheJinjiangreachcausedbyreleasingflowsoflowconcentrationsfromtheTGP.Inaddition,reductionofthesedimentloadenteringintothereservoirareaoftheTGPintherecentyearsaswellasthatexpectedoftheprojectedconstructionoflargehydropowerstationsontheJinshaRiverupstreamoftheTGPreservoirisalsonotedanddiscussed.
简介:AbstractIreflectuponthedevelopmentofnonlineartimeseriesanalysissince1990byfocusingonfivemajorareasofdevelopment.Theseareasincludetheinterfacebetweennonlineartimeseriesanalysisandchaos,thenonparametric/semiparametricapproach,nonlinearstatespacemodelling,financialtimeseriesandnonlinearmodellingofpanelsoftimeseries.
简介:Theeffectiveprecipitationandtheframeofatmosphericcirculationinthepastthreekeyperiods,i.e.30kaBP,18kaBPand6kaBP,havebeenanalyzedonthebasisofthepalaeolakestatusrecordproducedbytheChineseLakeStatusDataBase.Theresultsshowthatthewest-centralpartofChinawascharacterizedbyhighlake-levelsat30kaBP,resultingfromstrengthenedsouthwestmonsoons;whereasthehighlakestand,occurringinthewest-centralpartofChinaat18kaBP,wascausedbythesouthwardshiftandthestrengtheningofwesterliesalthoughthehigh-standdistributionwasreduced.Meanwhile,theeast-centralpartofChinawasunderthecontrolofstrongwintermonsoonsat18kaBP.Thehighlake-levels,whichoccurredintheeast-centralpartofChinaat6kaBP,arerelatedtotheenhancedEast-Asiansummermonsoons;whiletheloweringofthelake-levelinthewest-centralpartofChinaat6kaBPwasduetothenorthwardshiftandcorrespondingshrinkofthewesterlies.Acomparisonb
简介:TheCaofeidiansandbar-lagoonsystemissituatedalongthenorthwestcoastoftheBohaiSea.Thesystemhasevolvedfromtheabandoneddelta,whichcameintobeingbySuheRiverandXiaoqingheRiverinthemiddleHolocene.Atthemoment,thesystemhasalmostlostthesupplyofriversediments.(Fig.1)