简介：Duetohistoricreasons,thereareseveralhumansettlementsinnaturereservesandnationalparks,whichmayconstituteathreattobiodiversity.Establishmentofnaturereservesmayhowevergenerateconstraintsfordevelopmentoflocalcommunitiesresidinginthesereserves.ThevillageecosystemofZhuanjinglouVillageinWolongNatureReserveincludespopulation,farmingandlivestock(domesticandalpine)andforestecosystem.Anemergyanalysisofagro-ecosystem(includingthefarmingandlivestockecosystem)andenergyconsumptioninZhuanjinglouVillageindicatesthatlivestockecosystemplaysanimportantroleinvillageecosystem,whichmaybethesourceofgreatpressureonthestateofthelocalenvironment.Theincreasingratioofelectricityinenergyconsumptionmayplayapositiveroleforenvironmentalconservation.Despitesomesuccessfulexperiences,therearesomeremainingissuesthatneedtobeaddressedintheecologicalrehabilitationofthevillageecosystem.

简介：Understandingtheconnotationandprinciplesofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisthebasisandguaranteeforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismofwatersourcereserveareas.First,thispaperreviewsthethreestagesofecologicalcompensationresearchprogress.Basedonthereview,usingthetheoryofexternality,theecologicalenvironmentsystemofwatersourcereserveareasisthenanalyzed.Thispaperarguesthattheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareasisakindofinstitutionalarrangement,whichisdesignedtointernalizeexternalities.Finally,basedontheunderstandingoftheconnotationofecologicalcompensationinwatersourcereserveareas,fiveprinciplesforestablishingandimprovingtheecologicalcompensationmechanismareproposed,includingtheprincipleoffairnessandjustice,theprincipleofequivalenceofequalityandresponsibility,theprincipleofflexibilityandeffectiveness,theprincipleof'earmarkfunds,andimplementationbylaw,'andtheprincipleofgovernmentcompensationsupplementedwithmarketcompensation.