简介:Objective:Tomeasuremovementsofmarkersovertheprimarysiteandassociatedmimicmusclesincertainfacialexpressions,forevaluatingfacialparesisandsynkinesis.Methods:Participantsincluded22normalsubjectsaged45e66years.Maximumshift(Smax)andvelocity(Vmax)weremeasuredusingacustom-designed3-Ddynamicquantitativeanalysissystemoffacialmotion(3-DASFM)basedonmotioncapturetechnology.Measuresweretakenfromperi-oralmusclesduringforcefulbrowraisingandtighteyeclosure,andfrommusclesaroundtheeyeduringgrinning,right/left/bilateralmouthcornerraisingandsmiling.Results:1)Duringforcefulbrowraising,Smaxwas3.65e4.46mmformarkersoverperioralmuscles,withthemarkeroverthenasolabialfoldshowingaVmaxgreaterthanothers(60.60mm/sonleftand62.70mm/sonright).2)Intighteyeclosure,Smaxofperioralmusclemarkerswas1.58e1.92mm,withVmaxbeing11.40e14.76mm/s.3)Ingrinning,thelargesteyemusclemarkerSmaxwasseenatthelowerlid(3.93mmonleftand4.15mmonright)andthesmallestattheinnercanthus(1.59mmonleftand1.53mmonright),withthelargestVmaxseenattheupperlidandsmallestalsoattheinnercanthus(11.71mm/sonleftand11.09mm/sonright).4)Insmiling,thelargestnon-oralSmaxandVmaxwereseenattheupperlid(3.05mmand36.14mm/sonleftand2.53mmand28.90mm/sonright)andthesmallestalsoattheinnercanthus(0.69mmand7.22mm/sonleftand0.77mmand7.80mm/sonright).5)Inrightmouthcornerraising,SmaxandVmaxatlateralandmedialcanthusandatlowerlidweregreateronrightthanleft,whilethoseatupperlidandbrowwereslightlygreateronleftthanright.6)Inleftmouthcornerraising,SmaxandVmaxatlateralcanthusandupperandlowerlidsweregreateronleftthanright.Conclusions:Therearenoabsoluteimmobilepointsonthefacewhenmakingfacialexpressions.Inadditiontotheprimarymovementsite,thereareassociatedmovementsatotherpointsonthefacewithconsistent
简介:ThisLetterproposesabrand-newfilamentdiametermeasurementmethodbasedonwhatiscalled'dualdiffraction,'inthatagratingisaddedbehindthefilamenttomakefulluseofitssubdivisionandamplificationcharacteristics.Highermeasurementaccuracyisachievedbythismethodcomparedwiththetraditionaldiffractionmethod.Toverifyitsaccuracy,threestandardfilamentswithnominalvaluesof100.2,120.1,and140.8μmaremeasuredbythedualdiffractionmethodandtraditionaldiffractionmethodunderthesameexperimentalconditions.Therelativemeasurementerrorsofthenewmethodarelessthan0.75%,anditsaveragerelativeerrorisreducedby56%comparedwiththetraditionaldiffractionmethod.
简介:Sequentialmeasurementprocessingisofbenefittobothestimationaccuracyandcomputationalefficiency.Whenthenoisesarecorrelatedacrossthemeasurementcomponents,decorrelationbasedoncovariancematrixfactorizationisrequiredinthepreviousmethodsinordertoperformsequentialupdatesproperly.Anewsequentialprocessingmethod,whichcarriesoutthesequentialupdatesdirectlyusingthecorrelatedmeasurementcomponents,isproposed.Andatypicalsequentialprocessingexampleisinvestigated,wheretheconvertedpositionmeasurementsareusedtoestimatetargetstatesbystandardKalmanfilteringequationsandtheconvertedDopplermeasurementsarethenincorporatedintoaminimummeansquarederror(MMSE)estimatorwiththeupdatedcross-covarianceinvolvedtoaccountforthecorrelatederrors.Numericalsimulationsdemonstratethesuperiorityoftheproposednewsequentialprocessingintermsofbetteraccuracyandconsistencythantheconventionalsequentialfilterbasedonmeasurementdecorrelation.
简介:分离香农熵被使用在multiconfigurationDiracFockwavefunction描述信息。香农熵的依赖作为扩大配置空间被显示出,它能到达浸透什么时候有足够的配置状态wavefunctions获得会聚的精力层次;也就是说,在multiconfigurationDiracFock方法的计算过程是一个熵浸透过程。在一样的精确性水平,为最小的熵的基础集合是能描述精力状态的最好。另外,在与等电子的顺序一起的香农信息熵和精力水平十字路口的突然的变化之间的一个连接能被建立,它是有用的发现精力对为X光激光解释并且预见精力层次的倒置计划的兴趣的水平十字路口。
简介:无线网络在更宽的光谱利用的时尚下面被开发(例如,认知无线电)并且多跳跃通讯(例如,无线网孔网络)。在这些范例,怎么有效地与最小化的相互的干扰分配光谱到不同传播连接成为关键担心。在这份报纸,我们在认知收音机网络(CRN)经由光谱分配学习产量优化。以前的研究合并冲突图或SINR模型描绘干扰关系。然而,以前的模型忽视积聚的干扰效果并且导致讨厌的干扰和非最优的结果,当工作在所有潜在的连接之中在估计的RSS(收到的信号力量)的精确性上基于后者模型忽视它的重信赖时。两个是不适当的描绘在干扰和产量之间的复杂关系。到这个目的,由考虑CR的特征,象光谱差异和间断OFDM一样,我们建议一个帮助测量的基于SINR的跨层的产量优化答案。我们的工作在不同的层使特征担心:在物理层,我们在场改进SINR模型的精确性的一个有效RSS评价算法;在上面的层,流动水平为WMN的基于SINR的产量优化问题作为一个混合整数被建模被证明NP难的非线性的编程问题。解决这个问题,一集中(1)最佳的算法和一个有效分布式的算法被提供。评估算法表演,真实世界的踪迹被用来说明我们的计划的有效性。
简介:AccordingtothelogicprocessofcarbonreductioninChinawhicharisesfromthemeasurementtoreduction,fromreductiontooffsetting,themeasurementofcarbonemissioninthetourismindustrywasthefirstandkeystep.Basedonthelifecycleassessmenttheoryandinput-outputanalysis,thisarticleusedeconomicandenvironmentalmeasurementtechnologies,TheSystemofNationalAccounting(SNA),TourismSatelliteAccount(TSA),SystemofIntegratedEnvironmentandEconomicAccounting(SEEA),andsoon,andbuiltupatop-downcarbonemissionanalysisframeworkforthetourismindustryandestimatedcarbonemissionofthetourismindustryinChinain2007.ThefindingshowedthatthetotalcarbonemissionofthetourismindustryinChinain2007was169.78milliontons,covering2.71%ofcarbonemissionofallindustriesinChinain2007,and2.44%ofthetotalcarbonemissioninChinain2007.ThedirectcarbonemissionofthetourismindustryinChinain2007was73.56milliontons,includingtransportation(50.14milliontons),sightseeing(1.33milliontons),lodging(4.19milliontons),accommodation(4.73milliontons),shopping(8.14milliontons),entertainment(0.67milliontons),communication(0.45milliontons),andothers(3.90milliontons).TheindirectcarbonemissionofthetourismindustryinChinain2007was96.23milliontons,mostlycontributedbycoking,gas,andpetroleumprocessingindustries,transportationandwarehousingindustry,machineryandequipmentmanufacturingindustry,andfoodmanufacturingandtobaccoprocessingindustry,whichcovered57%.
简介:在里面三维(3D)轮廓测量,阶段移动profilometry(PSP)方法是广泛地使用的大多数一个。然而,因为多重设计,PSP的测量速度是很低的。以便改进测量速度,颜色栅栏条纹在这份报纸被用于测量。在测量期间,一仅仅颜色正弦曲线穗在测量目标上被投射。因此,测量速度极大地被改进。自从正在联合或在邻近的颜色栅栏条纹之间的干扰现象,一个颜色修正方法被用来改进测量结果。在修正在修正前比那好以后,为改正测量系统的非线性的错误的一个方法在这份报纸,和获得的图象的正弦曲线性质被建议。试验性的结果证明与这些修正方法,测量错误能被减少。因此,它能为高精确的3D重建支持一个好基础。
简介:Wehavefoundthattheexcitedenergyfromthegroundstatewith1f7=2configurationtothefirstexcitedstatewith2p3=2configurationin37SisobviouslylowercomparedwiththatinnearbyN=21isotones35Si,39Arand41Ca(seeFig.1,Theinsertindicatestherelevantsingle-particleorbitsofprotonandneutron).ThisinterestingphenomenonmayresultfromthecollapseofN=28closure,whichgivesthesufficientvalencespaceforcollectivedeformationwhichcanbeenrevealedfromtheB(E2)value.Therefore,toobtaintheB(E2),weperformtheexperimentsformeasuringthelifetimeofthefirstexcitedstatein37S.
简介:我们考虑在基于测量的反馈控制和隧道被考虑的decoherence的二个原型的类下面受到一条噪音隧道的一个开的量系统:阶段抑制并且概括振幅抑制。基于量轨道理论,我们面对反馈控制为减少的系统的动力学获得一个扩大主人方程。为一个qubit系统我们经分解解决这个主人方程并且获得州的向量动力学的解决方案。然后,我们为准备任意的量建议一个有效反馈控制计划纯状态。我们也学习怎么有效地保护二个nonorthogonal状态,并且发现有不偏的基础的射影的测量不为这项任务是最佳的,当有偏导的基础的弱测量能认识到二个nonorthogonal状态的最好的保护时。而且,在反馈过程的无效也被讨论。
简介:Ultrafast各向异性的腐烂是揭示ultrafast精力和电子转移的一个突出的参数;然而,由于平行和垂直极化的腐烂动力学的同时的可获得性的要求可靠地坚定是困难的。现在,各向异性的腐烂的任何测量是准确同时性的一种途径。这里,我们为同步ultrafastanisotropy腐烂大小报导一个新奇方法,它能很好决定anisotropy,甚至在一很早的时间,作为刺激激光脉搏的升起的阶段。在与协调刺激在房间温度在答案收获Rhodobactersphaeroides的天线建筑群LH2的细菌的光的B850的各向异性的腐烂被这个方法检测,它显示出30fs的一极化反应时间,并且到在B850戒指的bacteriochlorophylls的从起始的刺激的精力转移拿大约70fs。在吸收光谱的红方面被探查的各向异性的腐烂例如880nm,有0.4的起始的价值,相应于模仿的排放,当有0.1的anisotropy的蓝方面贡献漂白的地面状态时。我们的结果证明盖住整个戒指的协调刺激可能没由于LH2碎的对称被认识到:从在到在答案的C2对称的膜的C9对称。
简介:氨(NH3)挥发在土壤headspace是在碱的土壤,和NH3集中的氮损失的重要小径之一直接与NH3挥发被连接。氨被Fourier变换描绘中间红外线的photoacoustic光谱学(FTIR舞步)和在8501200厘米1的区域的二个典型吸收乐队被观察,它能在土壤headspace被用于NH3集中的预言。从诺思中国的碱的土壤在三个授精处理(没有N输入(CK)的控制,脲和涂的脲)下面涉及土壤孵化,壶和地实验。在土壤headspace的氨集中在每个实验被决定。在土壤孵化实验,NH3排出物被N输入开始,在白天2上到达了最高的集中,并且减少了到在在8d以后的CK测量了的水平,与在与涂的脲处理相比的脲处理的显著地更高的NH3排出物,特别在开始的4d期间。在壶实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中在孵化实验作为那显示出类似的动力学;然而,在在地实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中孵化和壶实验与那些表明了一个显著地不同的排放模式,并且为NH3集中有4-d延期。因此,在孵化的NH3集中和壶实验不能直接被用来象土壤温度和土壤骚乱一样在授精方法和申请率由于差别在这块地里为真实NH3排放建模。在控制版本的授精和参与以后在第二个星期内点亮灌溉,这被推荐涂的脲能被用来显著地减少从NH3挥发的观点的N损失。
简介:Fourkeyreactions,12C(,)13O,13C(,n)16O,25Mg(p,)26Aland19F(p,)16O,willbestudiedforthefirsttimewithinorneartheastrophysicalrelevantenergyregions(Gamowwindow)atJinpingUndergroundlaboratoryforNuclearAstrophysics(JUNA)[1],whichwilltaketheadvantageoftheultra-lowbackgroundofChinaJinPingundergroundLaboratory(CJPL),highcurrentacceleratorbasedonECRsourceandahighlysensitivedetectionsystem.
简介:Theoreticalmodelsofstellarevolutionpredictnegligiblequantitiesof6Li,9Be,and11Binthehydrogenburningphasesofastar’sevolution[1].TheprimordialBig-Bangnucleosynthesis(BBN)modelmightbemoregenerousinitsproductionoftheseelements[2].Theradiative-capturecrosssectionforprotoncaptureon11Bleadingto12CissmallatastrophysicallyinterestingenergiesbecauseofthelargeCoulombbarrier.
简介:ThefirststarsintheearlyUniversewereformedabout400millionyearsafterthebigbang.VerificationoftheexistenceofthesestarsisimportantforourunderstandingoftheevolutionoftheUniverse[1].IthasbeenpredictedthatforPopulation-IIIstellarproductionyields,theabundancesofodd-Zelementsareremarkablydeficientcomparedtotheiradjacenteven-Zelements[2].Astronomersaresearchingforlong-lived,lowmassstarswiththeuniquenucleosyntheticpatternmatchingthepredictedyields[3].