简介：A5－yearexperimentonwaterbalancehasbeenconductedinaflatrainfedwheatfieldwithanareaof66×100m^2inFengqiu,HenanProvinceinChina.Basedontheanalysisofsemi-variancefunctionsconductedwithsoilmoisturesamplestakenfrom77nodesofa10×10m^2grid,thesoilmoisturedistributioninthefieldwasstructuralwithatemporalstability.Accordingtotheautocorrelationrangeofthesemi-variancefunction,6siteswereselectedforthedeterminationofsoilwaterconditions.Thecharacteristicofprobabilitydensityfunctionofthedifferencesofwaterstorageintwosetsofmeasurementsshowedthatthedistributionofthesevariablesinthefieldwasanormalone.Theerrorintheestimationoftheaverageof5randomsampleswas14%(α=0.10),andtheerrorsofwaterconsumptionbywheatduringtheexperimentswereestimatedtobe6-13%.Simetheexperimentalfieldwaslargeenoughtoavoidanyedgeeffect,theresultsobtainedshouldtallywiththeactualsituation.Yetthesoilsystemwasheterogeneous,sowemustfollowtheprinciplesofstatisticsandgeostatisticswhendescribingthesystem'sstatuswiththeaverageofthesamples.

简介：土壤侵蚀，包括土壤分开，运输，和免职，是重要动态土地表面过程之一。磁性的tracer方法是为学习土壤侵蚀过程的一个有用方法。在这研究，磁性的tracers的五种类型用磁盘使成粒状的方法与好土壤，苍蝇灰，水泥，火山灰成胶状黏土，和磁性的粉末(减少的铁粉末)被做。tracers一致地与土壤被混合并且用模仿的降雨和流入实验在实验室测试了模仿interrill和土壤侵蚀的小河部件，为了选择能被用来由雨点和表面的腐蚀力量学习分开和免职的至少一tracers，在一个斜坡上水流动。结果证明有高磁性的危险性和大量尺寸的磁性的tracers的五种类型有0.99-1.29gcm−的一个范围；3大批密度。在interrill和小河实验，分别地，由组成了的tracersFC1和FC2在1:1和2:1的比率飞灰和水泥自从沉积的磁性的危险性接近了，与土壤粒子在阶段被搬运是uneroded和在沉积和磁性的tracersFC1和FC2的分开之间的回归方程的斜坡的土壤的离20的期望的价值很靠近，它是原来的土壤/踪迹比率。斜坡上的分开和免职能被磁性的危险性差别精确地反映。在磁性的危险性的变化取决于免职或分开是否发生了。然而，分别地，在1:1和2:1的比率由苍蝇灰和火山灰成胶状黏土组成了的由好土壤组成了的tracerFS和tracersFB1和FB2都是为土壤侵蚀学习不合适自从在沉积和tracer之间没有一致关系，为增加的分开流量总计。因此，tracersFC1和FC2能被用来走水路学习土壤侵蚀。

简介：Currentaccountingstandardsandsystemsdonotincludetheaccountingofforestecologicalassets.Withtheincreasingattentionthatpeoplepaytoforestecologicalissuesandtheneedsforaccountinginformationdisclosure,itsvalueaccountinghasbecomeaforefrontissueandhottopicintheaccountingprofession.Theprofoundissuesaboutitsparticularities,accountingrecognitionandmeasurementsaretobesolved.Basedontheanalysisofthefeaturesofforestecologicalassetsanditsimpactsonaccountingrecognitionandmeasurement,thispaperproposesthataccountingrecognitionshouldbebasedontheappraisalandafairvaluemodelissuggestedforinitialandfurthermeasurementofforestecologicalassets.Forthefairvaluemeasurement,theappraisaltechniquesofnon-marketvaluesshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.Anditsvalueappraisalmethodsshouldrefertotheexistingmatureecologicaleconomicorenvironmentaleconomicappraisalmethods.

简介：Themainobjectiveofthisresearchistoevaluatethewettabilityoftheprocessedbamboosurfaces.Theimportantsurfaceenergyandacid-basepropertiesforprocessedbamboohavebeenestimatedbyusingcontactangletechniques.Accordingtotheresults,thechangeofageshasapositiverelationwiththecontactanglesofwateronprocessedbamboo.Thecontactangleswereincreasedafterthebamboosurfacetreatedinhightemperatureconditionandpreservation.Thedifferenttreatmethodshaveastro...

简介：InordertoexplorethefeasibilityofusingX-raytomeasuremoisturecontentinthedryingprocessandhaveafurtherstudyontheeffectofprecisionofmoisturecontentwhenscanningthroughdifferentgraindirections,X-rayscanningmethodandweightingmethodwereusedtomeasureaveragemoisturecontentofCunninghamialanceolataduringhotairdrying.Theresultsshowthatthemoisturecontentvaluesoftwomethodswereveryclosetooneanother,thedeterminationcoefficientsofbothwerehighlycorrelatedwithavalueover0.99,andtheabsolutedeviationwasbelow2%;whenscanningalongradialdirectionandlongitudinaldirection,theprecisionsofaveragemoisturecontentwerehigherthanthatofthetangentialdirection,butthedeviationcanbenegligibleintheactualmeasurement;inthepracticalapplication,theeffectofgraindirectiononprecisionofmoisturecontentmeasurementcouldnotbetakenintoaccountwhenusingX-raytomeasurethemoisturedistributionofwood.

简介：ThecorrectmethodusedinforestsoilrespirationmeasurementbyLi-6400isapremiseofdataqualitycontrol.Accordingtothestudyinalarchplantation,collarsshouldbeinsertedat12hoursinadvancetoefficientlyreducetheinfluenceofCO2spring-out.Moreover,collarinsertiondepthsubstantiallyaffectedsoilrespirationmeasurement,i.e.whencollarwasshallowlyinsertedintosoil,transversalgasdiffusionandtheCO2re-spring-outcausedbyunstablecollarsinthemeasurementcouldleadtooverestimatingsoilrespirationrate;however,whencollarwasdeeplyinsertedintosoil,rootrespirationdeclinecausedbyroot-cutandthemostactiverespiratoryofthesurfacesoilseparatedbytheinsertedcollarscouldleadtounderestimatingsoilrespirationrate.Furthermore,anerrorlessthan5%couldbeguaranteedintypicalsunnydayifthetarget[CO2]wassettothemeanvalueofambient[CO2]inmosttimeoftheday,butitshouldbecarefullysetinearlymorningandlateafternoonaccordingtochangingambient[CO2].Thisprotocolofmeasurementisusefulinrealmeasurement.

简介：Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretooptimizeinstrumentalparametersandconditionsforanalysisofselectedorganophosphoruspesticides(OPPs)bygaschromatography(GC)withnitrogen-phosphorusdetection(NPD)(GC-NPD);toselectanappropriatesolventsystem;toconductacomparisonofsonicationandshakingextractions;andtoselectanappropriateprocedureforextractingorganophosphoruspesticidesfromsoils.ProcedureⅠconsistedofn-hexaneorpetroleumethertogetherwithacetoneusedassolvents,whileProcedureⅡcontainedseveralsolventsincludingacetone,methanol,dichloromethane,andn-hexaneorpetroleumether.Experimentalresultsindicatedthatamixtureofpetroleumether/acetone(2:1,v/v)couldbeusedinplaceofn-hexane/acetone(2:1,v/v)asitwasalessexpensivesolventsystem.Inaddition,shakingunderawaterbathat20℃wasmoreeffectivethansonication.Also,ProcedureⅠwasmoreeffective,safer,andmoretimesavingthanProcedureⅡ.ProcedureIwasappliedtothreesoiltypesofdifferentorganicmattercontent,withrecoveriesoftheOPPsfromtheyellow-brownsoils,whichhadahigherorganicmattercontent,beinglowerthanthosefromtheyellowandredsoils.

简介：Timedomainreflectometry(TDR)isahighlyaccurateandautomaticmethodfordeterminationofporousmediawatercontentandelectricalconductivity.ThispaperfocusesonthebasicprincipleofTDRtechnologyanditsapplicationinCaijiachuanwatershed,theLoessPlateau,China,thecompositionandstructureofasetofTDR-TRIME.Theinstallation,measurementandcalibrationofTRIME-TDRintheLoessPlateauhasbeenintroduced.ThefactorsthatcaninfluencetheveracityofthemeasurementbyTDRhavealsobeenanalyzedinthearticle.

简介：粘贴的性质在淀粉的最重要的特征之中，决定它在食物处理和另外的工业的应用。粘贴温度源于快速的Visco分析器(RVA)(Newport科学)在大多数情况中，被Thermocline为Windows过高估计软件节目。这里，便于由RVA粘贴温度的精确测量的二个方法被描述。一个人到变化参数设定到“屏幕”粘贴的粘性开始增加的真点，其它将手工地记录粘贴的粘性开始与公式增加并且计算粘贴的温度的时间(T1)(45/3.8)为米饭的x(T1-1)+50面粉。后者方法给了显著地与gelatinization被相关的手工地坚定的粘贴温度微分扫描caiorimetry测量的温度。

简介：氨(NH3)挥发在土壤headspace是在碱的土壤，和NH3集中的氮损失的重要小径之一直接与NH3挥发被连接。氨被Fourier变换描绘中间红外线的photoacoustic光谱学(FTIR舞步)和在8501200厘米1的区域的二个典型吸收乐队被观察，它能在土壤headspace被用于NH3集中的预言。从诺思中国的碱的土壤在三个授精处理(没有N输入(CK)的控制，脲和涂的脲)下面涉及土壤孵化，壶和地实验。在土壤headspace的氨集中在每个实验被决定。在土壤孵化实验，NH3排出物被N输入开始，在白天2上到达了最高的集中，并且减少了到在在8d以后的CK测量了的水平，与在与涂的脲处理相比的脲处理的显著地更高的NH3排出物，特别在开始的4d期间。在壶实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中在孵化实验作为那显示出类似的动力学；然而，在在地实验的土壤headspace的NH3集中孵化和壶实验与那些表明了一个显著地不同的排放模式，并且为NH3集中有4-d延期。因此，在孵化的NH3集中和壶实验不能直接被用来象土壤温度和土壤骚乱一样在授精方法和申请率由于差别在这块地里为真实NH3排放建模。在控制版本的授精和参与以后在第二个星期内点亮灌溉，这被推荐涂的脲能被用来显著地减少从NH3挥发的观点的N损失。