简介：Marketbasedinitiativesformanagementofdegradingecosystemsandtheirserviceshavereceivedtheaddedattentionasoneoftheinnovativeresponsesintherecentyears.Thoseinitiativessuchasdirectandindirectpaymentforecosystemserviceslikepremiumforrainforesthoney,paymentbythepeopleatthelowerreachtothoseattheupperreachforthewatershedservicesetc.havedrawntheattentionofthedecisionmakersastheyhaveprovedtobefarmorecosteffective.Thispapersynthesizesthekeymessagesfromsomeofthecelebratedbutwellestablishedmarketforecosystemservicesacrosstheworld.Theecosystemservicesconsideredinthepaperarecar-bon,watershedservicesandbiodiversity.Wefindthatwhilecrediblevaluationofecosystemservicesforallservicesremainacriticalconcernbehindsettingupthepaymentmechanism,absentofnecessaryinstitutionalframeworkmayseriouslyunderminethisinnovativeresponseformanagementofecosystems.Inthepaper,necessaryinstitution-almechanismsenablingthemarketforthoseserviceshavebeensketchedout.Keymessagesfromthosecaseshavebeensynthesized.

简介：Withthedevelopmentofmetropolitanregionsandtheappearanceofurbanagglomerations,citieshavebeenmorecloselyrelated.Fortherestrictedemergencyrescueresourceinasinglecity,ithasbecomemoreandmoreimminentforthedemandoftheintercitycollaborativeresistancetomajoraccident,soastoimprovetheprotectioncapacityofurbansecurity.Inordertofindaneffectiveintercityemergencyrescuecollaborativesystem,thispaperintroducestheconceptandanalysismethodofecosystemtheoryintointercityemergencyrescue.Basedontheanalysisoftheformation-processofemergencyrescueindividual,populationandcommunity,athree-levelintercityemergencyrescuecollaborativesystemisconstructedaccordingtothecharacteristicsofdynamicsandstructureofintercityemergencyrescueecosystem,thenthecollaborationmechanismofinformation,resourceandprocessintheintercityemergencyrescueecosystemisalsostudiedinthispaper,soastoofferavailablestrategyandmethodfortheecosystemtheoryappliedtointercityemergencyrescue.Throughthestudiesofintercityemergencyrescueeco-system,itilluminatesthattheproposedemergencysystemcannotonlycopewiththemajoraccidentmoretimelyandeffectively,butalsointegratetheintercityinformationresourcesandemergencyrescueresourceandprocessoptimization.

简介：TheValueoftheWorld'sEcosystemServicesandNaturalCapitalbyCostanzain1997isgenerallyre-gardedasamonumentfortheresearchofvaluingecosystemservices.However,theclassificationofecosystemser-vices,themethodofvariousservicessummationandthepurposeforstaticglobalvaluehadbeconfrontedbymanycriticisms.Basedonthesummaryofthesecriticisms,suggestions,relatedfunctionassessmentandfurtherstudydirection,thesustainabilityofecosystemservicesispresented.Thetwobasicindicatorsinecology,productivityandbiodiversity,respectivelycharacteringtheabilityofproducingandself-organizing,notonlyrepresenttheinternalfunctionofecosystem,butalsoareproportionedtoitsexternalfunctionofsupportingandprovidingforhumanlife.Onpresentingthegeneralformofecosystemservicesassessment,thispaperimprovesthemathematicalformulabygivingafunctionadjustingcoefficientcomposedofproductivityandbiodiversity.Theoretically,theintegrationofthetwoindicatorsreflectsthechangesofecosystemservicesatspatialandtemporalscales,canphysicallyassessthesustainabilityofecosystemservices,andbuildafirmscientificfundamentofvalueassessmentforecosystemservices.Objectively,itsapplicationshouldbestrictlytestedinnextstep.

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简介：Thepaper,basedontheconceptandtheelementsofhumanresourceecosystem(HREcosystem),studiesthefunctionandstructureofHREcosystem,introducestheentropytheorytodefinethecontentofentropyofHREcosystem,constructsthecorrespondingdistinctivemodeltodistinguishthedirectionoftheevolutionofHREcosystemandtheevolutionaryentropymodel,andappliesthemodelstodemonstratetheevolutionaryrulesofHREcosystem.ThestudyshowsthattheentropytheorycanbewellappliedtotheanalysisonHREcosystemandthatitopensupanewfieldintheresearchofhumanresourcemanagementandprovidesaneweffectivetechnicalmethod.

简介：Basedonacomprehensiveanalysisonvariousclassificationsofnaturalresourcevalues,thispapersummarizesanecologicalservicessystemofconstructedwetland(CW)ecosystemsfortheaccountingofecologicaleconomicvalue.Withtheresearch,thewetlandecosystemservicescanbeclassifiedintosixcategories,thatiswastetreatment,foodandmaterialproduction,watersupply,gasregulations,disturbanceandwaterregulations,habitatandrefugeprovision.Fordecisionmakingintermsofenvironmentaleconomicsforwetlandconstruction,ecosystemservicesvalueforthewetlandinSuzhouTaihuLakeNationalTouristandHolidayResortisaccountedfor7,088,769USD/yrthroughEnvironmentalEconomicsAnalysis.Ecosystemservicesvalueofwastetreatmentis825,000USD/yr,thatoffoodandmaterialproductionis1,430USD/yr,thatofwatersupplyis4,752,000USD/yr,thatofgasregulationis2,251USD/yr,thatofdisturbanceandwaterregulationsis1,3721USD/yr,andthatofhabitatandrefugeprovisionvalueis1,494,367USD/yr.TheecosystemservicesvaluesofapilotconstructedwetlandinSuzhouarecomparedwiththoseofotherwetlandsasameanandofatypicalhuman-interferedwetlandinWenzhouofChina.Resultsshowthatinbothfiniteandinfinitetimehorizonsconsidered,thewetlandinSuzhouTaihuLakeNationalTouristandHolidayResorthasthelargestservicesvalue.ThispaperanalyzesalltheprobabilitythatmayweakenthevalueoftheSuzhouTaihuWetlandinordertoprovidesomeadvicesforthewetlandprotection.

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简介：Economicnewnormalandthechangeofindustryenvironment,marketenvironmentandcompetitionenvironmentboosttheliquorindustrytoconductthetransitionaldevelopment.Byanalyzingthestatusquoandthemotivationoftransformationoftheliquorindustry,theliquorbusinessecosystemisconstructedinthispaper.Andthepathoftransitionaldevelopmentofliquorindustryisproposedbasedonthetypedivisionofliquorbusinessecosystem.Thenwegivesomecountermeasuresandsuggestionstoimprovetransitionaldevelopmentofliquorindustryfromtheaspectofliquorbusinessecosystem,governmentregulationandthetransformationofliquormakingcompany.

简介：Inthepast,evaluationsofecosystemfunctionsweremostlybasedonCostanza'smodel,whereasthespatial,qualityandtemporalcharacteristicsofregionalecosystemswerenotconsideredinthemodel.Focusingontheseissues,coefficientsofregionaldifference,spatialheterogeneityandwillingness-to-pay(WTP)wereestablishedtomodifyCostanza'smodel,andanewcomprehensivevaluationmodelofecosystemfunctionsisproposed.TheanalyticalresultsindicatethatthecomprehensivemodelcouldevaluateregionalecosystemfunctionsinChinaaccuratelyandprovidemorehelpfulinformationfordecision-making.TheempiricalstudyonZhangbeiCountyinHebeiProvinceshowsthattheintensivehumanactivitiescouldlimittheprovisionofecosystemfunctionswhiletheplannedecologicalprogramsmightpromotetherestorationofecosystemfunctions.

简介：ValuatingthefunctionofecosystemservicesiscrucialforaccountinggreenGDP,makingaconserva-tionpolicyofecologicalenvironmentandthedecisionofregionaldevelopmentaswellassustainabledevelopmentstrategy.Rice-duck-fishsymbiosishasbeenpromotedinseveraldevelopingcountriesasawayofincreasingincomesforricefarmers,butinvestigationsofitsvaluehavemainlyfocusedondirecteconomicbenefits,suchasfoodandrawmaterialproduction.Fewstudieshavebeenconductedontheestimationofindirectservicesprovidedbyrice-duck-fishcomplexecosystem.Thegasregulationserviceanditseconomicvaluesprovidedbyrice-duck-fishcomplexecosystemwerestudiedinWuhan,China.ThemajorcomponentsofgasregulationareO2emissionandgreenhousegases(GHGs,CO2)regulation.TheresultsshowthatO2emissionfromdifferenttreatments(includingrice-duck(RD),rice-fish(RF),rice-duck-fish(RDF)andrice(CK))rangedfrom26,370kg/hato33,910kg/haperyear,withaneco-nomicvalueof10,050-12,920yuan/haperyear(Chinesecurrency:1euro=10.2475yuan,August28,2007).ThenetGHGsexchangevariedfrom1,200to3,320kg/haperyear,anditseconomicvaluerangedfrom1,040yuan/hato2,900yuan/haperyear.Consequently,thetotaleconomicvalueofgasregulationprovidedbysymbiosiscomplexecosystemsrangedfrom11,090yuan/hato15,820yuan/haperyear,andthemaximumoveralleconomicvalueofgasregulationwasprovidedbyRDFcomplexecosystem.Theworkwillbeusefulforfurtherunderstandingofthefunc-tionsofrice-duck-fishcomplexecosystemservicesandsupplyingthetheoreticalreferencestoagriculturalpolicy.

简介：Fromthepointofspatio-temporalchangesofecologicalsystemtype,functionandvalue,inMengliancounty,landusing/coverdatawasbasedonthreeLandsatTMimages（respectivelyobtainedin2000,2005,2010and2015）whichwereinterpretedasbasicinformationsourcesbyusingRSandGIStechnologyandthenrevisingecosystemservicevalueperunitareainMengliancounty.ThispaperhasresearchedonthechangesofecosystemservicevalueofeconomicgardenforlargeareaplantingaswellasevaluatedecosystemservicevaluescientificallyinMengliancountycombinedwiththesensitivityanalysis.TheResultsshowedthat:（1）InMengliancounty,from2000to2015,landusepatternmanifestedasthetransformationfromlargeareasofcultivatedland,forestlandandshrubtotheeconomiclandscape,theeconomiclandscapeisincreasedby24458.31hm2,however,farmland,woodlandandshrubarereducedby24865.74hm2intotal;（2）ChangesofecosystemservicevalueiscloselyrelatedtoeconomiclandscapedevelopmentinMengliancounty.Thesituationofecosystemservicevalueshowsthechangingtrendfromimprovementtoseverityin2000-2015.ESVisincreasedby96.39millionyuanfrom2000to2005,whoseannualgrowthrateisabout0.56%·a-1.Butintheyearof2005to2015,ESVisreducedby120.23millionyuanandannualreducedrateisabout0.34%·a-1;（3）InMengliancounty,themainecologicalsystemisthewoodlandecologicalsystem,theprimaryecosystemservicefunctionsarebiodiversityprotection,gasregulation,soilformationandretention,climateregulationandwatersupply,theecologicalbenefitweredecreasedin2000-2015;（4）Fromtheaspectofspacedistribution,ecosystemservicevalueinMengliancountyisrelativelyhighinthecentralareaandrelativelynothighinthewesternandeasternarea.ESV（yuan·hm`（-2））waschangedobvious,Gongxintowntrendedtodecline,othertownsincreasedfirstthethenreduced.ThetemporalandspatialvariationofecosystemservicevalueinMengliancounty

简介：Atpresentabout60%ofecosystemhasbeendamagedanddegradedseverely,resultinginenormousecologicallossglobally.Theessentialcauseistheirrationalutilizationofecosystembyhumankind,soitisthekeytochangingimproperenvironmentalperformanceofhumankindsoastopreventecosystemfrombeingdamaged.Thequantitativevaluationonthelossofecologicaldamageisaneffectivetooltoguidehumanecoenvironmentalperformance.Inthispaper,theconceptsrelatedtothevaluationonecologicaldamagecostareintroduced;uncertaintiesthatmightariseinthevaluationonthelossofecologicaldamagesuchasareacoverageofvaluation,ecologicaldamagequantity,bordersofecologicaldamagecostanddatasupportareanalyzed;andthevaluationapproachesforthelossofecologicaldamagearealsodiscussed.Asacasestudy,theeconomiclossesofecologicaldamageofforestin2005inChinaarevaluated.