简介：ByTangCaifuForestsaretherichestrenewableplantresourcesandembraceeconomic,ecologicalandsocialbenefits.Variousconflictsandcontradictionsariseinexpandingtheutilizationofforestresources.AparticipatoryevaluationmethodwasusedtoinvestigateconflictsinforestresourcesutilizationinLongweiandLinwanVillages.Thes

简介：<正>Since1980s,participatoryapproach,asatoolandmajortechnology,hasbeenreceivedbymanycountriesandinternationalorgans,andhasbeenusedextensivelyintheprojectsofsurvey,povertyrelief,resourcedevelopmentandresourceprotection.Indeed,thesedevelopmentactions,supportedby

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简介：War,asasocialphenomenon,isstudiedunofficiallybymostdisciplinesofsocialsciences.Thisisduetothenatureofthewaritself,whichisanextremelyinterdisciplinaryphenomenon.Incommonthought,warisassociatedexclusivelywiththescienceofhistory,butinitsessence,thisphenomenonalsoincludeseconomicsandpoliticalsciences.Warundeniablyaffectsthepoliticalandeconomicprocessesinthestate,bothinanegativeandpositiveway.Often,alsothestrategiesofthestate’spoliticalactivitiesandplansforeconomicdevelopmentareconditionedbytheoccurrenceofwarsandarmedconflicts.

简介：Themaincausesofethnicconflictareterritorialissuesandterritorialdisputes.IntheCaucasus,allarmedethnicconfrontationswereinitiallyinterstateconflictsandattimeswererelatedtoreligiousdifferences.

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简介：Inthispaperweproposeanapproachtoresolvetheconflictsinwhichmorethantwopartiesareallowable.ItisarefinementandextensionofLootsma’spairwisecomparisonmethodforresolutionofconflicts.Thetrade-offsofbenefitsandcostsarejudgedinverbaltermswhicharesubsequentlyconvertedintonumericalvaluesonadiscretegeometricscale.Threeschemesaresuggestedforsupportingamediatortorecommendanappropriatedealtoalltheparties.Wealsopresentaproceduretoestimatethetrade-offsofthecompositedeals.Theapproachisillustratedviatheexampleofamarketscramble.

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简介：ItiswellknownthatthecharacteristicsofChina’ssituationsareoverpopulation,poorfoundation,lowculturalandscienceandtechnologylevels,lackandunevendistributionofresources,andlowrankingofpercapitaGDP.Owingtothebackwardofscienceandtechnologyandmanagement,therelativelyshort-suppliedresourceshasnotbeenutilize

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简介：Theconflictsintheutilizationofforestresourcesreferstotheclashesbetweentheowneranduserproducedintheoccupation,utilization,handlingandbenefitsgettingofforest,foresttrees,forestlandandotherforestresourcesincludingwildanimalsandplants.Withtheconstantincreaseofdemand

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