简介：CarboncycleisconnectedwiththemostimportantenvironmentalissueofGlobalChange.Asoneofthemajorcarbonreservoirs,oceansplayanimportantpartinthecarboncycle.Inrecentyears,ironseemstogiveusagoodnewsthatoceanicironfertilizationcouldstimulatebiologicalproduc-tivityasCO2sinkofhuman-producedCO2.Oceanicironfertilizationexperimentshaveverifiedthataddingironintohighnutrientlowchlorophyll(HNLC)seawaterscanincreasephytoplanktonproductionandexportorganiccarbon,andhenceincreasecarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2,toreduceglobalwarming.Insixtydays,theexportorganiccarboncouldreach10000timesforaddingironbymodelpredictionandinsituexperiment,I.e.TheatmosphericCO2uptakeandinorganiccarbondrawdowninupperseawatersalsohavethesamemagnitude.Therefore,oceanicironfertilizationisoneofthestrate-giesforincreasingcarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2.Thepaperisfocusedontheironfertilization,es-peciallyinsituoceanironexperimentsinorderthatthefutureresearchismoreefficient.

简介：OnthebasisofdatacollectedintheJiaozhouBayinJuneandJuly2003,theDICdistributioninseawaterisstudied,andanaverageair-seafluxofCO2isestimated.TheresultsshowthatthecontentofDICinsidethebayismarkedlyhigherthanoutsidethebayinJune,butthecontentofDICoutsidethebayismarkedlyhigherthaninsidethebayinJuly.ThetrendofDICdistributioninsidethebayissimilar,viz.thecontentisthemaximuminthenortheast,thendecreasesgraduallytowardthewest,andthecontentistheminimuminthewest.Thetotaltrendofverticaldistributionistoincreasegraduallyfromsurfacetobottom.ThischaracteristicofDICdistributionisdeterminedbyJiaozhouBayhydrologyandthereisacloserelationbetweenDICandparticulateN,P.AverageCO2fluxacrossthesourceforatmosphericCO2inJuneandJuly,andthetotalCO2fluxfromseawaterintoatmosphereisabout740tinJuneand969tinJuly.

简介：Althoughtheannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxhasbeenestimatedextensivelywithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizations,uncertaintystillexistsintheestimates.Thesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationisexpectedtoimprovetheuncertaintyexistingintheseestimates.Inthepresentstudy,theannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxisestimatedwiththesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationproposedbyWoolf(2005),usingNOAA/NCEPreanalysiswindspeedandhindcastwavedatafrom1998to2006,andanewestimate,-2.18GtCyear-1,isobtained,whichiscomparablewithpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethods.Itisinterestingtonotethattheaveragedvalueofpreviousestimateswithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizationsisalmostidenticaltothatofpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethodsbyvariousauthors,andthatthenewestimateisquiteconsistentwiththeseaveragedestimates.

简介：Intertidalmarinemacroalgaeexperienceperiodicalexposuresduringlowtideduetotheirzonationaldistribution.ThedurationofsuchemersionleadstodifferentexposuresoftheplantstolightandaerialCO2,whichthenaffectthephysiologyofthemtodifferentextents.TheecophysiologicalresponsestolightandCO2wereinvestigatedduringemersionintworedalgaeGloiopeltisfurcataandGigartinaintermedia,andtwobrownalgaePetaloniafasciaandSargassumhemiphyllum,growingalongtheShantoucoastofChina.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisinG.furcataandP.fasciashowedanincreasefollowedbyslightlydesiccation,whereasthatinG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumexhibitedacontinuousdecreasewithwaterloss.Inaddition,theupper-zonatedG.furcataandP.fascia,exhibitedhigherphotosynthetictolerancetodesiccationandrequiredhigherlightleveltosaturatetheirphotosynthesisthanthelower-zonatedG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllum.Desiccationhadlesseffectondarkrespirationinthesefouralgaecomparedwithphotosynthesis.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisincreasedwithincreasedCO2concentrations,beingsaturatedatCO2concentrationshigherthanthepresentatmosphericlevelinG.furcata,G.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumduringemersion.ItwasevidentthattherelativeenhancementofphotosynthesisbyelevatedCO2inthosethreealgaeincreased,thoughtheabsolutevaluesofphotosyntheticenhancementowingtoCO2increasewerereducedwhenthedesiccationstatusesbecamemoresevere.However,inthecaseofdesiccatedP.fascia(waterlossbeinggreaterthan20%),lightsaturatednetphotosynthesiswassaturatedwithcurrentambientatmosphericCO2level.ItisproposedthatincreasingatmosphericCO2willenhancethedailyphotosyntheticproductioninintertidalmacroalgaebyvariedextentsthatwererelatedtothespeciesandzonation.

简介：一个全球海洋碳周期模型基于海洋将军发行量模型流行音乐和改进biogeochemical模型，OCMIP-2被采用在历史上观察的大气的CO2集中和不同未来情形(叫的代表性的集中小径，或RCP)下面模仿碳周期过程。在这份报纸的RCP为第五份评价报告(AR5)在气候变化(IPCC)上跟随Intergovernmental面板的设计。模型结果证明海洋从空气吸收CO2，被吸收将在四RCP下面在第21世纪继续。由空至海的CO2流动在历史的时间期间增加了并且到达的网1.87Pg/a(由碳计算了)在2005；然而，它将在第21世纪到达山峰然后减少。海洋主要专心于CO2中间的纬度，并且在赤道区域释放CO2。然而，在南极围绕天极的水流(ACC)区域，海洋将在升起的CO2集中下面从来源改变到水池，包括RCP4.5，RCP6.0，和RCP8.5。在2100，人为的碳将被搬运到40摥漠敶?桴?湥楴敲礠慥?獩爠畯桧祬?呼??湡?桴?潲敬漠???獩琠敨猠慭汬獥t

简介：Multi-beamSonarandSide-scanSonarcompensateeachother.Inordertofullyutilizeallinformation,itisnecessarytofusetwokindsofimageanddata.Andtheimageco-registrationisanimportantandcomplicatedjobbeforefusion.Thispapersuggestscombiningbathymetricdatawithintensityimage,obtainingthecharacteristicpointsthroughtheminimalanglesoflines,andthendecidingthecorrespondingimagepointsbythemaximalcorrelatecoefficientinsearchingspace.Finally,thesecondorderpolynomialisappliedtothedeformationmodel.Aftertheimageshavebeenco-registered,Waveletisusedtofusetheimages.Itisshownthatthisalgorithmcanbeusedintheflatseafloorortheisotropicseabed.Verificationismadeinthepaperwiththeobserveddata.

简介：Thecurrentadvancesinthestudyofgeochemistryandpaleo-oceanographyoftheCo-richcrustarereviewedinthispaper.WesummarizethestudyofgeochemistryoftheCo-richcrust,discussthediffusionofelementsintheCo-richcrustandtheexchangewithambientseawater.Besides,wediscusstheeffectofphosphatizationandsubstraterocksonthecompositionoftheCo-richcrust.Wealsointroducetheapplicationofstableisotopes(includingthestableisotopesofPb,Nd,andHf),radioactiveisotopes(includingtheradioactiveisotopesofBe,UandTh),andelements(includingthemajorelements,minorelementsandrareearthelements)tothestudyofpaleo-oceanographyoftheCo-richcrust.

简介：完全的mitochondrial细胞色素氧化酶子单元II(COII)基因ofPenaeinae虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis被克隆并且定序。基因为229氨酸是在长度和代码的688bp。它显示出83.2%，87.0%和83.8%顺序类似到Marsupenaeusjaponicus，Penaeus单音穿上并且Farfantepenaeusnotialis分别地。在鳕鱼ons的第三个位置的整个基因和那的A+T内容分别地是64.7%和78.2%。在F之间的种系发生的关系。chinensis和代表类Farfanatepenaeus，Marsupenaeus和Penaeus的三另外的种被分析。结果证明在四taxaranged从之中的基因距离0.1440～0.2005，超过与COI和部分16SrRNA基因估计的那些在Marsupenaeus，Litopenaeus和Melicertus之中定序，并且因此比在潜水艇类之中的价值大。COII基因比COI基因和部分16SrRNA基因的有更快的进化的率，这被建议了并且能在类或种水平被用于种系发生的分析。现在的学习的结果显示Farfantepenaeus，Fenneropenaeus，Marsupenaeus和Penaeus比亚属在更高种系发生的水平，它支持四个潜水艇类的种系发生的地位的举起的意见到类水平。

简介：根据2006年到2007年,908专项黄河口附近海域表层沉积物的调查资料,研究黄河口海域表层沉积物中重金属含量分布特征;沉积物中Cu-Cd、Pb-Cr、Cr-As3组元素间具有显著的相关性,表明它们分别具有相似的元素地球化学性质和来源;运用Hakanson潜在生态危害系数法对其潜在生态危害程度进行评估,黄河口沉积物的潜在生态风险的来源是镉和汞占据主要权重;运用生物效应浓度法对其生物毒性效应进行评价,结果表明,As对黄河口海域环境中生物的负面效应偶尔发生,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和Hg暂时不会产生不良生物效应。

简介：本文介绍了一个针对中国海域海洋环境污染保障系统的研究进展,并阐述中子活化分析（NeutronActivationAnalysis,NAA）方法在其中的可能作用。该系统基于对海洋三维流场的预报与分析,对海洋污染物可能的扩散路径与影响区域、污染源头的可能位置进行推测,并结合GIS技术整合相关的环境敏感信息,为如何使污染物造成的危害降到最低给出决策支持。基于该系统技术的渤黄海海洋污染物预测预警系统已经实现业务化运行多年,并在中国沿海污染事故应急中多次获得成功的经验。目前,针对重金属与放射性污染物的环境保障系统正处于理论实验阶段,由于NAA方法特别适合用于对部分重金属及放射性物质的检测,因此NAA方法对实现海洋重金属及放射性污染物的监测及预测预警具有非常重要的实用价值。

简介：人类从古至今人类对海洋的探索从未停止,工业革命以来人类借助于先进的科技手段在海上修筑钻井平台、铺设海底电缆、架设海底隧道,同时国家间为了追求更为廉价的生产资料进行远洋运输。但是人类的活动极大地影响了海洋生态环境。“托列峡谷号”油污案、“特雷尔”冶炼厂仲裁案、大连新港7·16爆炸案等案例每一次都是对海洋环境极大的破坏。为此国家间通过不断探索签订了一系列的国际条约构建系统的裁判赔偿机制,国家之间也在各自探索为海洋环境保护提供新的立法借鉴,通过国际社会的共同努力完善了现行的海洋污染赔偿机制。

简介：Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.

简介：海洋溢油污染持续时间长,在自然常态环境下难以分解,对海洋生物资源及生态环境有巨大的危害。由于污染物随海流流动,影响范围不固定,加之石油烃类化合物难以降解,给海洋溢油污染的治理带来了巨大难题。海洋中逸散石油因其特殊的理化性质、毒性效应,不仅对海洋中的生物造成急性或慢性毒性作用,而且可通过食物链富集和转移,最终可能进入人体,对人类的健康造成严重危害。本文通过溢油污染对海洋生态的影响分析及修复方法的研究,为海洋溢油污染的治理提供理论指导。

简介：TiO2filmswereformedonmetallictitaniumsubstratesbytheanodicoxidationmethodinH2SO4solutionunderthe80VD.C..PhasecomponentandmicrostructurewerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Watercontactanglesontitaniumoxidefilmsurfaceweremeasuredunderbothdarkandsunlightilluminationconditions.Corrosiontestswerecarriedoutinseawaterunderdifferentilluminationconditionsbyelectrochemistryimpedancespectrum(EIS)andpolarizationcurves.TheresultshowedthattheTiO2filmpreparedbytheanodicoxidationmethodwasanatasewithauniformstructureandwithoutobviousporesorcracksonitssurface.Theaveragewatercontactangleofthefilmwas116.4?indark,incontrasttoanangleof42.7?undertheUVilluminationfor2hours,whichdemonstratesgoodhydrophobicproperty.Theanti-corrosionbehavioroftheTiO2filmwasdecliningwiththeextendedimmersiontime.Underdarkconditions,however,thehydrophobicTiO2filmretardedthewaterinfiltratingintothesubstrate.Theimpedancechangedslowlyandthecorrosioncurrentdensitywas2ordersofmagnitudelowerthanthatwiththefilmilluminatedbysunlight.AllofthosementionedaboveindicatethattheTiO2filmpossessesmuchbetterperformanceunderdarkcondition,anditcanbeappliedasanengineeringmaterialunderdarkseawaterenvironment.

简介：为弥补测高数据在近海区域因为编辑准则被剔除而导致近海测量数据质量不高的缺点,利用5参数模型的两种形式和Ice-2模型对Jason-2卫星在中国南海部分海域的海洋回波波形进行了波形重跟踪的研究,并选择20个海洋回波波形,依据最小二乘原理进行计算、分析、对比,发现5参数模型的指数形式的结果和Ice-2模型结果非常接近.研究结果表明,在开阔的海域,对Jason-2波形进行3种方法波形重跟踪时,可以优先考虑Ice-2模型.波形重跟踪技术能够提高卫星测高数据利用率,为科学研究提供可靠的数据保障.

简介：基于因子分析对2012-2013年海河流域pH、DO、COD、BOD5、氨态氮和总石油烃等6项水质指标的监测数据进行统计,并对其中四项指标进行水污染综合指数评估,旨在对海河水质进行较为系统的评价。结果显示,BJ1和HB2两个站位水质属于Ⅳ类标准,其余各站位均为Ⅴ类;各站位综合评价结果得到海河流域指数为1.44,说明海河流域处于污染状态,其污染程度超过该流域功能区的标准。因子分析发现,COD、DO和NH3-N之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;主成分分析显示,除pH和BOD5外,其余指标都在0.70以上;COD、DO、NH3-N和TPH的贡献率较高,其中总石油烃的贡献率为100%,因此可以认为该海域的污染类型属于有机污染,且石油烃污染较为突出。

简介：Astochastictwo-dimensionalFornasini-Marchesini'sModelⅡ(2-DFMMⅡ)withmultiplicativenoiseisgiven,andafilteringalgorithmforthismodel,whichisoptimalinthesenseoflinearminimum-variance,isdeveloped.Thestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoisecanbereducedtoa1-Dmodel,andtheproposedoptimalfilteringalgorithmforthestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoiseisobtainedbyusingthestateestimationtheoryof1-Dsystems.Anexampleisgiventoillustratethevalidityofthisalgorithm.

简介：Thispaperpresentsthedetaildesignconditions,designcriteriaandmethodsaswellasdesignconclusionsoftheprocess,structureandcorrosionoftheproductionflowlinesandhighpressurewaterinjectionlinesinBZ34-2/4oilfieldinBohaiBay.AtpresentthisdesignrepresentsthedesigncapabilityandlevelinthefieldofthesubmarinepipelineengineeringofChina.

简介：Inthisstudy,thecombinedactionsofwavesandtidalcurrentsinestuarineandcoastalareasareconsideredanda2Dmathematicalmodelforsedimenttransportbywavesandtidalcurrentshasbeenestablishedinorthogonalcurvilinearcoordinates.Non-equilibriumtransportequationsofsuspendedloadandbedloadareusedinthemodel.Theconceptofbackgroundconcentrationisintroduced,andtheformulaofsedimenttransportcapacityoftidalcurrentsfortheOujiangRiverestuaryisobtained.TheDouGuorenformulaisemployedforthesedimenttransportcapacityofwaves.SedimenttransportcapacityintheformofmudandtheintensityofbacksiltingarecalculatedbyuseofLuoZaosen'sformula.Thecalculatedtidalstagesareingoodagreementwiththefielddata,andthecalculatedvelocitiesandflowdirectionsof46verticallinesfor8crosssectionsarealsoingoodagreementwiththemeasureddata.Onsuchabasis,simulationsofbacksiltingafterexcavationofthewaterwaywithasandbarundercomplicatedboundaryconditionsinthenavigationchannelinducedbysuspendedload,bedloadandmudbywavesandtidalcurrentsarediscussed.

简介：本文介绍了“金玫瑰”轮与“金盛”轮碰撞引发的船舶污染系列案件的详细审理情况。对该系列案件以及相关同类案件中出现的问题进行了总结梳理,并对案件审理中涉及《海商法》《海洋环境保护法》《海事诉讼特别程序法》以及最高人民法院司法解释、国务院部门行政法规相关具体条文进行对比分析,点出当中存在的矛盾与冲突,并希望通过这些探讨为相关的法律修订提供一些有益的思路。