简介：TheEU,theUnitedStatesandothereconomies,withtheintentiontoimplementunilateraltrademeasuresBorderCarbonAdjustments,imposeemissionreductionpressureondevelopingcountries.Onceimplemented,themeasureswillhavegreatimpactonChina'sforeigntrade.Usingtheinput-outputtablein2007,thispaperhadanalyzedtheinfluencesonChina'sforeigntradeasawholeandsub-sectorsinthreetaxratesscenarios.TheresultsshowedthatthetarifflevelofChina'sexportswillincreaseby3.6%-6.3%ifthetaxwasleviedonexportsembodiedemissions,andby1.0%-1.7%ifleviedonexportdirectemissions.In2007,theformertotalamountofcarbontaxwasaboutUS$42.6-73.0billion,4timesthatofthelatter.Basedonexportembodiedemissions,sectorslargelyinfluencedwerenon-traditionalenergyintensiveones,suchastextile,etal.Thesesectorsshouldbeencour-agedtocarryoutindustrialupgrading,raisingthevalue-addedofexportgoods,andreducingtheirembodiedemissionsbyreductionofenergyintensity.Takingintoaccountofthecomplexityofdatacollection,thetaxleviedonproductsdirectemissionismoreoperational.Theresultsshowedthatthefivetopsectorsmostaffectedwereotherchemicalmaterials,processingofpetroleumandnuclearfuel,coking,smeltingandrollingofferrousmetalandtextile.Mostofthemwereenergyintensivesectors.Therefore,adjustingexportproductsstructure,andcontrollingtoofastdevelopmentofenergyintensiveindustriesarealsoimportantstrategiesinChina.

简介：Carbon-motivatedbordertaxadjustment(BTA)aimstocompensateforthelossofcompetitivenessofcarbonintensiveproductsduetocarbondioxideabatementactions.Basedontheanalysisoftheinternationalbackgroundofcarbon-motivatedBTAs,thispaperdiscussesthefundamentalmotivationleadingtoUSpolicytransformation,thepotentialimpactsofthepolicyonChina'smanufacturingindustries,andthecompatibilityofthepolicytoWTOrules.Carbon-motivatedBTAsviolatethefundamentalprincipleoftheUNFCCC,andpotentiallyconflictwiththecoreWTOprincipleofnon-discriminationreflectedintheGATTArticlesIandIII.However,ArticleXXoftheGATTmaybeapplicable.Thus,theauthorsuggestsseveralmeasurestoalleviatetheimpactsofcarbon-motivatedBTAs,andputsforwardcountermeasuresbasedoncarbonconsumptionpercapita.