简介：在高地条件下面的米饭的Mycorrhizal地位用potted幼苗被学习。根殖民在旧米饭种的7～70天的一个年龄系列上在17.35%和37.18%之间改变了的arbuscularmycorrhizal真菌(AMF)的百分比。AMF根殖民被增加直到3542天，根殖民稳定地在以外衰退了。泡在二个星期以后出现了并且在第35天到达了他们的最大的紧张。arbuscules在第42天(2.93%)晚被形成并且稍微变化了直到第70天(3.03%)。而过磷酸钙处理不在植物生长上标记影响，脲申请的更高的剂量压制了植物生长。通常，这些农业化肥的申请在米饭植物在AMF的菌丝的殖民上登记了更少的影响，而arbuscular殖民被化肥的更高的剂量不利地影响。由于全身的杀真菌剂，carbendazim和thiophanate甲基的申请在植物生长和他们的AMF殖民有显著减少。杀真菌剂的单个水花的申请在多重水花上是不太有害的。

简介：Thebiodiversityofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF)wassurveyedintheKolmregionofIraninthreeadjacentsites,anaturalstand,a10-year-oldanda15-yearoldplantationofAmygdalusscoparia.Todate,therehavebeenfewstudiesofAMFbiodiversityinIran,especiallyinthewesternforestsofthecountry.Forthisstudy,soilandrootsamplesweretakenfromA.scopariarhizospheresoilinspringandautumn.AlmosthalfoftherootlengthwascolonizedbyAMF.Weidentified13AMFspeciesbelongingtoGlomeraceae,ClaroideoglomeraceaeorDiversisporaceae.Thethreeplantationsdifferedintermsofsoilelectricalconductivity,organicCandP.SporedensitywassignificantcorrelatedwithPconcentration.RootlengthcolonizationwascorrelatedonlywithsoilCa.SpeciesdiversityandrichnessweresignificantlycorrelatedwithsoilN,P,organicCandsporedensity.AMFdiversityin15-year-oldplantationswasmoresimilartothatinthenaturalstandthaninthe10-year-oldplantation.Weconfirmedthata15-year-oldplantationisnotsimilarintermsofAMFcolonizationtonaturalstands.Weconcludethatmorethan15yearsarerequiredforAMFcolonizationofplantationstoresemblethatofnaturalstands.

简介：arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)的生物多样性殖民和AM真菌的孢子在根和相思树阿仙药(L.f)的根围土壤被学习。野，一。mangiumWilld，AnthocephalacadambaMiq，ArtocarpuschaplashaRoxb，ChickrassiatabularisA。法，Swieteniamacrophylla国王，TectonagrandisL。从种植园；Albiziaprocera(Roxb)Benth，一。falcatariaL.，Alstoniascholaris(L.)R。Br，Aphanamixispolystachya(墙)帕克，Hydnocarpuskurzii(国王)Warb，HeyneatrijugaRoxb，Lagerstroemiaspeciosa(L.)Pers.，Messuaferrea悬崖，罗汉松属nerifolia唐，Swintonia花束玫瑰Griff，Syzygiumfruticosum(Roxb)DC，S。grandis(Wt)Wal。从森林和A的托儿所幼苗。polystachya，一。chaplasha，GmelinaarboreaRoxb。并且S。来自Hazarikhil森林的cuminii(L.)Skeels，孟加拉国的Chittagong。根在苯胺蓝色被染色，根围土壤被湿sieving和移注的方法估计。AM殖民的范围在种植园样品从10%73%显著地变化了。最大的殖民在A被观察。mangium(73%)和最小的殖民在C被观察。tabularis(10%)。小囊的殖民是在五种植园树种的记录15%67%。最高在A。cadamba(67%)并且最低在T。grandis；A。chaplasha和C。tabularis没显示出小囊的殖民。Arbuscular殖民是在四种植园树种的记录12%60%。最高在A。mangium(60%)并且最低在A。cadamba。Artocarpuschaplasha的根，C。tabularis和T。grandis没显示出arbuscular殖民。在12森林树种类之中，九树种显示出AM殖民。最高在A。falcataria(62%)并且最低在S。fruticosum(10%)。在小囊的殖民的重要变化在七森林树种被记录。最高在H。trijuga(52%)并且最低在L。speciosa(18%)。Hydnocarpuskurzii，M。ferrea，P。nerifoliaS。fruticosum和S。grandis没显示出小囊的殖民。Arbuscular殖民在七森林树种被记录。最高在A。falcataria(60%)并且最低在A。procera(10%)。所有托儿所幼苗证明AM殖民和�

简介：N利用和氨基酸的生合成上的碳(C)和氮(N)来源的效果在arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)的发芽孢子被检验在到各种各样的N底层，CO2，葡萄糖，或根流出物的暴露以后的真菌血管球intraradicesSchenck与史密斯。N举起和氨基酸的denovo生合成用与集体度谱的察觉的稳定的同位素的标记被分析。高效的液体基于层析的分析被用来测量氨基酸层次。当外长的N来源不在时并且面对25mLL1CO2，发芽AM真菌的孢子利用了从存储类脂化合物的降级导出到biosynthesize的内部N存储以及C骨骼免费氨基酸，丝氨酸和glycine主要在被生产。内部氨基酸的集中作为时间从0～1或2个星期增加了的萌芽逐渐地增加了。然而，天门冬素和夫酸安衰退了到底层；两个降级了向另外的氨基酸的生合成提供C和N施主。外长的无机的N(铵和硝酸盐)和到用仅仅为萌芽的CO2的AM真菌的孢子的器官的N(脲，精氨酸，和夫酸安)的可获得性当外长的N不在时比那些产生了更内部的免费氨基酸超过5次。没有外长的N，到有仅仅CO2的AM真菌的孢子的外长的硝酸盐的供应比那产生了更多的天门冬素超过10次。相反，到AM真菌的孢子的外长的葡萄糖的额外的供应更在外长的N来源的举起产生了重要改进，与超过3次免费氨基酸比与仅仅外长的CO2供应的那些正在被生产。同时，精氨酸是生产的最丰富的免费氨基酸，用作N存储混合物被合并到AM真菌的孢子的蛋白质。

简介：Apotexperimentwascarriedouttostudytheeffectsofthreearbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF),includingGlomusintraradices,GlomusconstrictumandGlomusmosseae,onthegrowth,rootcolonizationandCdaccumulationofmarigold(TageteserectaL.)atCdadditionlevelsof0,5and50mgkg-1insoil.Thephysiologicalcharacteristics,suchaschlorophyllcontent,solublesugarcontent,solubleproteincontentandantioxidantenzymeactivity,ofTageteserectaL.werealsoinvestigated.ThesymbioticrelationshipbetweenthemarigoldplantandarbuscularmycorrhizalfungiwaswellestablishedunderCdstress.ThesymbioticrelationshipwasreffectedbythebetterphysiobiochemicalparametersofthemarigoldplantsinoculatedwiththethreeAMFisolateswherethecolonizationratesintherootswerebetween34.3%and88.8%.Comparedwiththenon-inoculatedmarigoldplants,theshootandrootbiomassoftheinoculatedmarigoldplantsincreasedby15.2%-47.5%and47.8%-130.1%,respectively,andtheCdconcentrationandaccumulationdecreased.ThechlorophyllandsolublesugarcontentsinthemycorrhizalmarigoldplantsincreasedwithCdaddition,indicatingthatAMFinoculationhelpedthemarigoldplantstogrowbyresistingCdstress.TheantioxidantenzymesreacteddifferentlywiththethreeAMFunderCdstress.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.constrictumandG.mosseae,theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andcatalase(CAT)increasedwithincreasingCdaddition,butperoxidase(POD)activitydecreasedwithincreasingCdaddition.ForplantsinoculatedwithG.intraradices,threeoftheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesweresignificantlydecreasedathighlevelsofCdaddition.Overall,theactivitiesofthethreeantioxidantenzymesintheplantsinoculatedwithAMFwerehigherthanthoseoftheplantswithoutAMFinoculationunderCdstress.Ourresultssupporttheviewthatantioxidantenzymeshaveagreatinfluenceonthebiomassofplants,andAMFcanimprovethecapabilityofreactiveoxygenspecie

简介：Thecharacteristicsofarbuscularmycorrhizalfungal(AMF)communitystructureinvarioussoildepthsandgrowingseasonsofwatermelon(Citrullusvulgaris)grownincommercialgreenhousesinDaxingofBeijingandWeifangandLaiyangofShandong,Chinawereinvestigatedusingbothmorphologicalidentificationanddenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis.Thesampledsoilshadbeenusedforcontinuousgreenhouseproductionofwatermelonfor0,5,10,15,or20years.Glomusclaroideumwasthedominantspeciesinthegreenhousesoilsplantedfor5,10,and15yearsinLaiyang,whileGlomusmosseaeandGlomusetunicatumweredominantinthenearbyopenfarmlandsoil.Sorenson'ssimilarityindexofAMFcommunitycompositionrangedfrom0.67to0.84inthesoilsplantedfor5years,andfrom0.29to0.33for20yearsamongthethreelocations.Sporeabundance,speciesrichness,andtheShannonindexwerehighestnearthesoilsurface(0-10cm)anddecreasedwithsoildepth,andhigherinJuneandOctoberthaninAugustandDecember.CanonicalcorrespondenceanalysisshowedthatavailablePandthenumberofyearsthatsoilhadbeenusedforgreenhouseproductionwerethemainfactorscontributingtothevarianceofAMFcommunitycomposition.ItwasconcludedthatthecommunitystructureofAMFwasmainlyinfluencedbysoilavailablePandplantingtimeofwatermelonaswellasbysoildepthandseasonalvariationinthecommercialgreenhouse.

简介：Arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)共生者能极大地影响土壤富饶。然而，在AM共生发展层次之间的关系和柠檬mycorrhizosphere玷污微弱地在地里知道的富饶遗体。在我们的学习，AM殖民，孢子密度，菌丝的长度密度，和在柠檬(柠檬reticulataBlanco上的Robertson海军的橘子grafted)的glomalin相关的土壤蛋白质(GRSP)内容，沿着一个高度的坡度的果园在南部的中国季节地被调查。结果显示出那AM殖民和许多孢子，hyphae在不同季节和高度显著地波动。最高的AM殖民(83.03%)在夏天在海水平上面在200m在果园被观察，在在在秋天的400m的果园的孢子密度(16.8孢子g−1土壤)，并且在在在夏天的600个m果园的果园的菌丝的长度密度(2.36mg−1土壤)；当时最低价值(43.60%，2.7孢子g−1土壤和0.52mg−1AM殖民，孢子密度，和菌丝的长度玷污密度，分别地)都在冬季在800m在果园被观察。关联分析证明象土壤有机物，alkali-hydrolyzableN，可得到的P，和pH那样的土壤性质是显著地(P<0.05)断然与任何一个柠檬总数AM殖民或许多孢子和hyphae相关。GRSP是显著地(P<0.05)断然与土壤有机物和pH相关。冗余性分析支持了那严重地玷污象高度，GRSP，土壤有机物，和alkali-hydrolyzableN那样的环境因素(蒙特卡罗排列测试，P=0.002)在柠檬果园的影响AM殖民和许多孢子和hyphae。我们的数据表明了环境因素是的那土壤在在柠檬果园决定AM共生开发重要。

简介：忍冬confusa，为治疗感冒的繁体中文药植物，流感，等等，急性发烧经常在酸的土壤人工地被种并且受不了磷(P)缺乏。一个五年的地实验被执行学习殖民率，生长，营养，和与arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)接种的忍冬confusa幼苗满意的chlorogenic酸真菌，血管球etunicatum和血管球intraradices。在移植进一个领域前，接种AM并且uninoculated控制植物在托儿所床上是有教养的。在与AM真菌接种的植物，殖民率与时间线性地减少了，更大的减少在与G接种的植物被观察。intraradices比与G。etunicatum，当AM殖民在uninoculated从0%～12.1%增加了时，控制在移植以后种5年。植物高度，王冠直径，新分支的数字，和花产量作为与uninoculated控制相比由AM接种显著地增加了。在增加的叶子和花的磷集中，和营养素的植物举起，例如，氮(N)，P，和钾(K)，被AM也显著地提高接种。忍冬confusa幼苗有更好的回答到G的接种。intraradices比G。在生长的etunicatum和在花的chlorogenic酸内容。相反，两个都在叶子和花种P举起和P集中在二真菌的接种之间是类似的。到在生长，滋养的举起，flowering，和在花的chlorogenic酸内容的AM接种的忍冬confusa的积极回答建议当在酸、P缺乏的土壤上成长时，在托儿所床上的那AM接种能在忍冬confusa的花支持植物生长和增加chlorogenic酸内容。

简介：Arbuscularmycorrhizafungi(AMF)arevitalintheregenerationofvegetationindisturbedecosystemsduetotheirnumerousecologicaladvantagesandthereforearegoodindicatorsofsoilandecosystemhealthatlarge.Thisstudywasaimedatdetermininghowtheseasonal,vegetationcoverdensity,edaphicandanthropogenicfactorsaffectAMFrootcolonization(RC)andsporedensity(SD)inDesa’adryAfromontaneforest.AMFRCandSDintherhizosphereoffivedominantwoodyspecies,Juniperusprocera,Oleaeuropaea,Maytenusarbutifolia,CarissaspinarumandDodonaeaangustifoliagrowinginDesa’aforestwerestudiedduringtherainyandthedryseasonsinthreepermanentstudyvegetationcoverdensityplots(dense,medium,andpoor).Eachplot(160×40m2)hastwomanagementpractices(fencedandunfencedplots)ofarea.A100gsampleofrhizospheresoilfrommoisturefreecompositesoilwasusedtodeterminesporedensity.Sporedensityrangedfrom50to4467spores/100gsoil,andallspecieswerecolonizedbyAMFwithinarangeof4–95%.Glomuswasthedominantgenusintherhizosphereofallspecies.VegetationcoverdensitystronglyaffectedSDandRC.TheSDwassignificantlyhigher(p<0.05)inthepoorvegetationcoverdensitythanintheothertwoandlowestinthedensecover;rootcolonizationshowedthereversetrend.Managementpracticessignificantly(p<0.05)influencedAMFSDandRC,withthefencedplotsbeingmorefavoured.Seasonssignificantly(p<0.05)affectedRCandSD.MoreRCandSDwereobservedinthewetperiodthanthedryperiod.CorrelatingAMFSDandRCwithsoilphysicalandchemicalpropertiesshowednosignificantdifference(p>0.05)exceptfortotalnitrogen.Disturbance,vegetationcoverdensity,seasonandtotalnitrogenaresignificantfactorsthatcontrolthedynamicsandmanagementinterventionstomaintaintheforesthealthofdryAfromontaneforests.