简介：AbstractEnhanced recovery after cesarean (ERAC) delivery is an evidence-based, multi-disciplinary approach throughout pre-, intra-, post-operative period. The ultimate goal of ERAC is to enhance recovery and improve the maternal and neonatal outcomes. This review highlights the role of anesthesiologist in ERAC protocols. This review provided a general introduction of ERAC including the purposes and the essential elements of ERAC protocols. The tool used for evaluating the quality of ERAC (ObsQoR-11) was discussed. The role of anesthesiologist in ERAC should cover the areas including management of peri-operative hypotension, prevention and treatment of intra- and post-operative nausea and vomiting, prevention of hypothermia and multi-modal peri-operative pain management, and active pre-operative management of unplanned conversion of labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia. Although some concerns still remain, ERAC implementation should not be delayed. Regular assessment and process improvement should be imbedded into the protocol. Further high-quality studies are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficacy of the ERAC protocol.

简介：Objective:ToevaluatethevalueofenhancedluminescenceenzymeimmunoassayinthediagnosisofNeisseriagonorrhea(NG)infection.Methods:Anti-catalaseantibodyforNeisseriagonorrheaecombinedwithenhancedluminescenceenzymeimmunoassaywereusedtotestforN.gonorrhea.Results:Aminimumof1×10^4/CFUofGCingenitaltractsecretionsorurinecouldbedetectedwiththetechniqueofluminescenceenzymeimmunoassay.Conclusion:TheenhancedluminescenceenzymeimmunoassayhastheadvantageofhighsensitivityandspecificityfordiagnosingNGfromgenitourinarytractsecretionandurine.

简介：Auditoryevokedpotentialsserveasanobjectivemodeforassessmenttocheckthefunctioningoftheauditorysystemandneuroplasticity.Literaturehasreportedenhancedelectrophysiologicalresponsesinmusicians,whichshowsneuroplasticityinmusicians.VariousdatabasesincludingPubMed,Google,GoogleScholarandMedlineweresearchedforreferencesrelatedtoauditoryevokedpotentialsinmusiciansfrom1994tilldate.Differentauditoryevokedpotentialsinmusicianshavebeensummarizedinthepresentarticle.Thefindingsofvariousstudiesmaysupportasevidencesformusic-inducedneuroplasticitywhichcanbeusedforthetreatmentofvariousclinicaldisorders.Thesearchresultsshowedenhancedauditoryevokedpotentialsinmusicianscomparedtonon-musiciansfrombrainstemtocorticallevels.Also,thepresentreviewshowedenhancedattentiveandpre-attentiveskillsinmusicianscomparedtonon-musicians.

简介：Transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS)representsausefulnon-invasiveapproachtostudyingcorticalphysiology,inadditiontothedescendingmotorpathways(Hallett,2000),andmayalsobeusedtoinvestigatetheintracorticalfacilitatoryandinhibitorymechanisms.

简介：在allogeneic干细胞移植(SCT)，缺乏他们的血缘的禁止的ligand的生来的杀手(NK)房间能导致graft-versus-leukemia回答，没有严重graft-versus-host疾病(GVHD)的正式就职。这个特征能为细胞的免疫疗法被利用。在这研究，我们检验了在整个人的外部血NK房间人口以内表示不同漂亮像免疫球蛋白的受体(KIR)的NK房间子集的选择扩大，面对HLA-Cw3(C1)或Cw4(C2)transfectedK562激发器房间。有C1或C2的KIR+NK房间的Coculture积极K562房间，面对IL-2+；IL-15，触发了错过了他们的血缘的ligand的NK房间的长出。这在整个NK房间人口以内导致了alloreactiveKIR+NK房间的增加的频率。在有缺乏他们的血缘的ligand的K562房间的preculture以后，当时，另外，我们观察到这张alloreactiveNK人口揭示了CD107+房间的更高的数字有相关K562HLA-Ctransfected目标房间的cocultured，作为与有untransfectedK562房间的coculture相比。这提高的反应作为目标用主要白血病的房间被证实。这研究证明那HLA一级表情能调停扭曲NK房间全部剧目并且向白血病的目标房间与提高的alloreactivity为房间充实人口。这个特征可以支持未来NK基于房间的免疫疗法的临床的应用。

简介：ObjectivesTostudythecharacteristicofpulmonaryembolism(PE)incontrast-enhancedCT.MethodsTheradiologicalfeaturesweredescribedin20patientswithlobarandproximalPEdiagnosedwithaToshibaXpress/SXCTscanneraftercontrastmaterialwasadministrated.ResultsTherewere7casesofpulmonaryembolism(PE)secondarytolowerlimbdeepveinthrombosis(DVT),ofwhich2caseswererelatedtosaunabath.Wegroupedthecasesaccordingtotheirextensivenessofembolism:mild,moderate,severe,orcompleteembolism.Mildembolism:theembolioccupiedlessthan30%,oftheinnerdiameterofpulmonaryartery(PA).Medianembolism:theembolioccupied30~50%ofthePAdiameter.Severeembolism:theembolioccupiedoverhalfofthePA(50%),buttherewerecontrastflow.Completedembolism:therewasnocontrastfoundaroundtheemboli.ThedirectsignofPEwasafillingdefectornoopacificationintheaffectedbranchofpulmonaryartery(PA).Therewere9othersecondarysigns:①widenPA,②enlargedrightventricleandtherightatrium,③increasedtranslucencyofthelunganddecreasedbronchovascularshadows,④shrunkenpulmonaryveinslikeddriedrattan,⑤decreasedleftatriumandtheleftventriclesize,⑥shiftingofinterventricularseptumtotheleftandposteriordirection,⑦Thelaterallungparenchymademonstratedinatriangularshape,⑧pleuraleffusionand⑨pericardiacleeffusion.ConclusionsThediagnosisofPEwasrevealedby10radiologicalsignsbycontrast-enhancedCT:Withfullunderstandingofthepathophysiologicalbasisofthese10signs:correctdiagnosisofpulmonaryembolismcanbemade.PEiscommonlycausedbylowerlimb.Andsaunabathisoneofthemainpredisposingcauses.

简介：AbstractInfectious diseases are severe public health events that threaten global health. Prophylactic vaccines have been considered as the most effective strategy to train the immune system to recognize and clear pathogenic infections. However, the existing vaccines against infectious diseases have several limitations, such as difficulties in mass manufacturing and storage, weak immunogenicity, and low efficiency of available adjuvants. Biomaterials, especially functional polymers, are expected to break through these bottlenecks based on the advantages of biocompatibility, degradability, controlled synthesis, easy modification, precise targeting, and immune modulation, which are excellent carriers and adjuvants of vaccines. This review mainly summarizes the application of immunologically effective polymers-enhanced vaccines against viruses- and bacteria-related infectious diseases and predicted their potential improvements.

简介：AbstractObjective:Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are patient-centered, evidence-based pathways designed to reduce complications, promote recovery, and improve outcomes following surgery. These protocols have been successfully applied for the management of head and neck cancer, but relatively few studies have investigated the applicability of these pathways for other outpatient procedures in otolaryngology. Our goal was to perform a systematic review of available evidence reporting the utility of ERAS protocols for the management of patients undergoing outpatient otolaryngology operations.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and gray literature. We identified studies that evaluated ERAS protocols among patients undergoing otologic, laryngeal, nasal/sinus, pediatric, and general otolaryngology operations. We assessed the outcomes and ERAS components across protocols as well as the study design and limitations.Results:A total of eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Types of procedures evaluated with ERAS protocols included tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy, and septoplasty. A reduction in postoperative length of stay and hospital costs was reported in two and three studies, respectively. Comparative studies between ERAS and control groups showed persistent improvement in pre- and postoperative anxiety and pain levels, without an increase in postoperative complications and readmission rates.Conclusions:A limited number of studies discuss implementation of ERAS protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology. These clinical pathways appear promising for these procedures as they may reduce length of stay, decrease costs, and improve pain and anxiety postoperatively.

简介：AIMToprovideanupdatedassessmentofthesafetyandefficacyofenhancedrecoveryaftersurgery(ERAS)protocolsinelectivegastriccancer(GC)surgery.METHODSPubMed,Medline,EMBASE,WorldHealthOrganizationInternationalTrialRegister,andCochraneLibraryweresearcheduptoJune2017forallavailablerandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)comparingERASprotocolsandstandardcare(SC)inGCsurgery.ThirteenRCTs,withatotalof1092participants,wereanalyzedinthisstudy,ofwhom545underwentERASprotocolsand547receivedSCtreatment.RESULTSNosignificantdifferencewasobservedbetweenERASandcontrolgroupsregardingtotalcomplications(P=0.88),mortality(P=0.50)andreoperation(P=0.49).Theincidenceofpulmonaryinfectionwassignificantlyreduced(P=0.03)followinggastrectomy.However,thereadmissionrateafterGCsurgerynearlytripledunderERAS(P=0.009).ERASprotocolssignificantlydecreasedthelengthofpostoperativehospitalstay(P<0.00001)andmedicalcosts(P<0.00001),andacceleratedbowelfunctionrecovery,asmeasuredbyearliertimetothefirstflatus(P=0.0004)andthefirstdefecation(P<0.0001).Moreover,ERASprotocolswereassociatedwithalowerlevelofseruminflammatoryresponse,higherserumalbumin,andsuperiorshorttermqualityoflife(QOL).CONCLUSIONCollectively,ERASresultsinacceleratedconvalescence,reductionofsurgicalstressandmedicalcosts,improvednutritionalstatus,andbetterQOLforGCpatients.However,high-qualitymulticenterRCTswithlargesamplesandlong-termfollow-upareneededtomorepreciselyevaluateERASinradicalgastrectomy.

简介：摘要BACKGROUNDSystematic reviews of early rehabilitation within intensive care units have highlighted the need for robust multi-centre randomised controlled trials with longer term follow up. This trial aims to explore the feasibility of earlier and enhanced rehabilitation for patients mechanically ventilated for ≥5days and to assess the impact on possible long term outcome measures for use in a definitive trial.METHODSPatients admitted to a large UK based intensive care unit and invasively ventilated for ≥5 days were randomised to the rehabilitation intervention or standard care on a 1∶1 basis, stratified by age and SOFA score. The rehabilitation intervention involved a structured programme, with progression along a functionally based mobility protocol according to set safety criteria.RESULTS103 out of 128 eligible patients were recruited into the trial, achieving an initial recruitment rate of 80%. Patients in the intervention arm mobilized significantly earlier (8days vs 10 days, P＝0.035), at a more acute phase of illness (SOFA 6 vs 4, P<0.05) and reached a higher level of mobility at the point of critical care discharge (MMS 7 vs 5, P<0.01)．CONCLUSIONWe have demonstrated the feasibility of introducing a structured programme of rehabilitation for patients admitted to critical care.

简介：瞄准：评估诊断精确性，敏感，在检测颜色的本地复发的提高对比的计算tomographiccolonography的特性表面的癌症。方法：从2000年1月到2004年12月，434个病人在以后潜在地药品为侵略颜色的切除术表面的癌症被跟随在上面为从20～55瞬间的经期。为复发显示出充分临床的证据的434个病人中的八十个在最后后续期间渲染表面的癌症在这研究被注册。每个病人在一样的天经历了提高对比的计算tomographiccolonography和结肠镜检查。任何损害，活体检视，在colonoscopic期间鉴别检查，立即的复杂并发症和过程的持续时间被记录。提高对比的计算tomographiccolonography的结果被结肠镜检查，发现的surgical，和临床的后续比作那些评估。结果：提高对比的计算tomographiccolonography在检测本地周期性的颜色有100%，83%的特性和94%的全面精确性的敏感表面的癌症。结论：常规结肠镜检查和提高对比的tomographiccolonography能在检测颜色的本地复发补充对方表面的癌症。

简介：Tomakecleartheprecisehemodynamicmechanismunderlyingtheanti-atherogenesisbenefitofenhancedexternalcouterpulsation(EECP)treatment,andtoinvestigatetheproperroleofsomeimportanthemodynamicfactorsduringtheatheroscleroticprogress,acomprehensivestudycombininglong-termanimalexperimentandnumericalsolvingwasconductedinthispaper.AnexperimentallyinducedhypercholesterolemicporcinemodelwasdevelopedandthechronicEECPinterventionwassubjected.Basichemodynamicmeasurementwasperformedinvivo,aswellasthearterialendothelialsampleswereextractedforphysiologicalexamination.Meanwhile,anumericalmodelwasintroducedtosolvethecomplexhemodynamicfactorssuchasWSSandOSI.TheresultsshowthatEECPtreatmentresultedinsignificantincreaseoftheinstantlevelsofarterialWSS,bloodpressure,andOSI.DuringEECPtreatment,theinstantOSIlevelofthecommoncarotidarteriesovercardiaccyclesraisedtoameanvalueof8.58×10-2±2.13×10-2.Meanwhile,thechronicinterventionofEECPtreatmentsignificantlyreducedtheatheroscleroticlesionsinabdominalaortasandtheendothelialcellularadherence.ThepresentstudysuggeststhattheuniquebloodflowpatterninducedbyEECPtreatmentandtheaugmentationofWSSlevelincardiaccyclesmaybethemostimportanthemodynamicmechanismthatcontributetoitsanti-atherogenesiseffect.Andasoneoftheindicesthatcausegreatconcernincurrenthemodynamicstudy,OSImaynotplayakeyroleduringtheinitiationofatherosclerosis.更多还原

简介：Thehousedustmites(Dermatophagoidesfarinae,Derf)arethemajorsourceofaeroallergensimplicatedintheexpressionofatopicdisorders,includingasthma,allergicrhinitisandatopicdermatitis.Inparticular,strongcircumstantialevidencesuggeststhathousedustmiteantigensareimportantprecipitatingfactorsofasthma.Manyhousedustmiteallergensareproteasesthatcanelicitairwayinflammationbystimulatingthereleaseofcytokinesfrombronchialepithelialcells.ToinvestigatewhetherDerfallergenproteasesinducedcytokineproductionfromtheepithelialcelllineBEAS-2B,BEAS-2Bcellswereculturedwith4differentconcentrationsofDerf(0.02,0.2,2,20μg/ml)for24-96h,afterwhichsupernatantswereassayedforinterleukin(IL)-6andIL-8withELISA.Reversetranscription-PCRwasalsoperformed.ThecellsheetswereintactthroughouttheobservationincontrolgroupwithoutanyexposuretoDerfantigen.IntheexperimentalgroupscellstreatedwithDerfallergenshowedchangesintheanchoragestatusofthemonolayer.Therewasasignificantincreaseinthelevelofcytokineproductioncomparedwiththeuntreatedsample.ThereleaseofIL-6andIL-8increasedinaconcentration-dependentmanner(P<0.05,respectively)withtheadditionofincreasingdosageofDerftothecellsheets.LevelsofIL-6andIL-8begantoriseat24hand48hafterallergenexposure,andtheyincreasedsignificantlyinthesupematantsat72hand96h.AtthesametimetheconcentrationdependenceofinductionofIL-6andIL-8expressionaswellasanincreaseintheexpressionofIL-6andIL-8mRNAmanifestedevidently.HDM-inducedairwayinflammationmayincludeDerf-mediatedreleaseofinflammatorymediators,andtheproteolyticactivityofanallergenmaystimulatethereleaseofproinflammatorycytokinesfromhumanbronchialepithelium.ItissuggestedthatIL-6andIL-8productionbybronchialepithelialcellsmayplayaroleinthepathogenesisofallergicasthma.

简介：AbstractEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been developed in numerous surgical specialties as a means of systematically improving patient recovery, functional outcomes, cost savings, and resource utilization. Such multidisciplinary initiatives seek to minimize variability in several aspects of perioperative patient care, helping to reduce inpatient length of hospital stay, complications, and the overall resource and financial burden of surgical care. Head and neck oncology patients stand to benefit from the implementation of comprehensive ERAS protocols, as these patients have complex medical needs that may dramatically impact multiple aspects of their recovery, including breathing, eating, nutrition, pain, speech, swallowing, and communication. Implementing ERAS protocols for head and neck cancer patients may present unique challenges, and require significant interdisciplinary coordination and collaboration. We therefore sought to provide a comprehensive guide to the planning and institution of such ERAS systems at institutions undertaking care of head and neck cancer patients. Key elements to consider in the implementation of successful ERAS protocols for this population include organizing a team consisting of frontline leaders such as nursing staff, medical specialists, and associated health professionals; designing interventions based on systematically evaluated, high-quality literature; and instituting a clear methodology for regularly updating protocols and auditing the success or potential limitations of a given intervention. Potential obstacles to the success of ERAS interventions for head and neck cancer patients include challenges in systematically tracking progress of the protocol, as well as resource limitations in a given health system.

简介：Objective:Photoacoustic(PA)tomography(PAT)hasattractedextensiveinterestbecauseofitsopticalabsorptioncontrastandultrasonicdetection.ThisstudyaimstodevelopabiocompatibleandbiodegradablePAcontrastagentparticularlypromisingforclinicalapplicationsinhumanbody.Methods:Inthisstudy,wepresentedaPAcontrastagent:1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)](DSPE-PEG)-coatedsuperparamagneticironoxide(SPIO)nanoparticles(NPs)loadedwithindocyaninegreen(ICG).WeusedICGandSPIONPsbecausebothdrugsareapprovedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.Giventhestrongabsorptionofnear-infraredlaserpulses,SPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPswithauniformdiameterof~28nmcouldsignificantlyenhancePAsignals.Results:WedemonstratedthecontrastenhancementoftheseNPsinphantomandanimalexperiments,inwhichtheinvivocirculationtimeofSPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPswasconsiderablylongerthanthatoffreeICG.ThesenovelNPsalsodisplayedahighefficiencyoftumortargeting.Conclusions:SPIO@DSPE-PEG/ICGNPsarepromisingPATcontrastagentsforclinicalapplications.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheantitumoractivityofadriamycin(ADR)encapsulatedinnanoparticles(NADR)andinjectedintothehepaticarteryofhepatoma-bearingrats.METHODS:NADRwaspreparedbytheinterfacialpolymerizationmethod.Walker-256carcinosarcomasweresurgicallyimplantedintotheleftliverlobesof60maleWistarrats,whichweredividedinto4groupsatrandom(15ratspergroup).Onthe7thdayafterimplantation,normalsaline(NS),freeADR(FADR),NADR,orADRmixedwithunloadednanoparticles(ADR+NP)wasrespectivelyinjectedviathehepaticartery(i.a.)ofratsindifferentgroups.ThedoseofADRineachformulationwas2.0mg/kgbodyweightandtheconcentrationwas1.0mg/mL.Survivaltime,tumorenlargementratio,andtumornecrosisdegreewerecomparedbetweeneachgroup.RESULTS:ComparedwiththeratsthatreceivedNSi.a.,theratsthatreceivedFADRorADR+NPacquiredapparentinhibitionontumorgrowth,aswellasprolongedtheirlifespan.Furthersignificantanticancerefficacywasobservedinratsthatreceivedi.a.administrationofNADR.StatisticsindicatedthatNADRbroughtonamoresignificanttumorinhibitionandmoreextensivetumornecrosis,ascomparedtoFADRorADR+NP.Themeantumorenlargementratioonthe7thdayafterNADRi.a.was1.106.Themeantumorbearingsurvivaltimewas39.50days.Prolongedlifespanratiowas109.22%ascomparedwithratsthatacceptedNS.CONCLUSION:TherapeuticeffectofADRonlivermalignancycanbesignificantlyenhancedbyitsnanopaticleformulationandadministrationviahepaticartery.

简介：Weretrospectivelyanalyzedtheclinicaldataof32patientswithmedicallyintractableidiopathicParkinson'sdiseasewhohadundergonestagedbilateraldeepbrainstimulationofthesubthalamicnucleifromJanuary2007toMay2011.Thevasculartureofthepatientswhoreceivedtwodeepbrainstimulationswasdetectedusingdouble-dosegadolinium-enhancedbrainMRI.Thedimensionsofstraightsinus,superiorsagittalsinus,ipsilateralinternalcerebralveininthethalamicbranchandipsilateralanteriorcaudateveinwerereduced.Thesefindingsdemonstratethatbilateraldeepbrainstimulationofthesubthalamicnucleiaffectscerebralvenousbloodflow.

简介：AbstractBackground:It is crucial to differentiate accurately glioma recurrence and pseudoprogression which have entirely different prognosis and require different treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) as a tool for distinguishing glioma recurrence and pseudoprogression.Methods:According to particular criteria of inclusion and exclusion, related studies up to May 1, 2019, were thoroughly searched from several databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies was applied to evaluate the quality of the included studies. By using the "mada" package in R, the heterogeneity, overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Moreover, funnel plots were used to visualize and estimate the publication bias in this study. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was computed to display the diagnostic efficiency of DCE-MRI.Results:In the present meta-analysis, a total of 11 studies covering 616 patients were included. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.792 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.707-0.857), 0.779 (95% CI 0.715-0.832), and 16.219 (97.5% CI 9.123-28.833), respectively. The value of the area under the SROC curve was 0.846. In addition, the SROC curve showed high sensitivities (>0.6) and low false positive rates (<0.5) from most of the included studies, which suggest that the results of our study were reliable. Furthermore, the funnel plot suggested the existence of publication bias.Conclusions:While the DCE-MRI is not the perfect diagnostic tool for distinguishing glioma recurrence and pseudoprogression, it was capable of improving diagnostic accuracy. Hence, further investigations combining DCE-MRI with other imaging modalities are required to establish an efficient diagnostic method for glioma patients.

简介：瞄准：与颜色在病人在肝切除术期间发现秘密转移表面的癌症肝转移(CRCLM)，提高对比的intraoperativeultrasonography(CE-IOUS)用一个新微水泡代理人被执行，sonazoid，它在Kupffer房间基于它的累积提供一幅实质特定的对比图象。方法：有CRCLM的八个病人在肝切除术前用sonazoid经历了CE-IOUS。肝在迟了的Kupffer阶段成像期间被调查，它是sonazoid的一个珍贵特征。结果：用sonazoid的CE-IOUS提供了早脉管阶段并且为10min的正弦曲线阶段图象在sonazoid的注射以后由迟了的Kupffer阶段图象列在后面直到30min。IOUS没在8个病人提供变形损害的新调查结果。在sonazoid的迟了的Kupffer阶段图象期间，然而，变形损害最新在8个病人中的二个被发现。这些最新检测的损害被作为转移诊断的另外的肝切除术和组织病理学说的联盟者移开。结论：用sonazoid的CE-IOUS能允许外科医生与足够的时间调查整个肝并且intraoperatively发现新转移。

简介：Objective:B-celllymphoma2(Bcl-2)isanimportantmemberoftheBcl-2familyofproteinsthatregulatetheinductionofapoptosis.ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatewhetherBcl-2smallinterferingRNA(siRNA)combinedwithmiR-15aoligonucleotides(ODN)couldenhancemethotrexate(MTX)-inducedapoptosisinRajicells.Methods:ChemicallysynthesizedmiR-15aODNandBcl-2siRNAweretransfectedinRajicellsbyusingaHiPerFectTransfectionReagentandthencombinedwithMTX.ExpressionlevelsofBcl-2proteinweredetectedbyWesternblot.CellproliferationwasdeterminedbyCCK8assay.TherateofcellapoptosiswasdeterminedbyAnnexinV/PIdoublestaining.ThemorphologyofapoptoticcellswasobservedbyHoechst-33258staining.Results:AfterthecellsweretransfectedwithmiR-15aODNcombinedwithBcl-2siRNA,Bcl-2proteinlevelswereevidentlydecreased.CCK8assayshowedthatcellproliferationwassignificantlydecreasedandwassignificantlylowerinmiR-15aODNcombinedwithBcl-2siRNAplusMTXgroupthaninmiR-15aODNwithmethotrexategroup,Bcl-2siRNAwithMTXgroup,andsingleMTXgroup(P<0.05).Hoechst33258stainingrevealednumerousapoptoticcells.AnnexinV/PIdoublestainingshowedthattheapoptoticrateswere(13.13±1.60)%,(34.47±2.96)%,(32.87±3.48)%,and(45.47±2.16)%inMTX,Bcl-2siRNAplusMTX,miR-15aODNplusMTX,andmiR-15aODNcombinedwithBcl-2siRNAplusMTXgroups,respectively.Amongthesegroups,theapoptoticrateofmiR-15aODNcombinedwithBcl-2siRNAplusMTXgroupwasthehighest;thisapoptoticratewasalsosignificantlydifferentfromthatofmiR-15aODNorBcl-2siRNAplusMTX(P<0.05).Conclusions:Bcl-2siRNAcombinedwithmiR-15aODNcouldenhanceMTX-inducedapoptosisinRajicells.Bcl-2siRNAandmiR-15acombinedwithMTXmaybeausefulapproachtoimprovethetreatmenteffectsonlymphoma.更多还原