简介：针对现有核电厂设备电磁兼容性测试的不足,探讨了国内核电厂仪表控制系统在核电厂电磁环境下的电磁兼容性要求和评价方法。建议加强核电厂仪表控制系统的电磁兼容性设计,以保障核电厂安全、稳定的运行。

简介：硼中子俘获治疗装置的核心是一台强流质子加速器,在加速及打靶过程中,产生的中子和γ射线会在加速器屏蔽体和中子测量室内形成较高的辐射剂量,假如人员误入正在产生脉冲辐射的高辐射区,将会造成严重的人身伤害事故。本文设计了一种针对该装置的辐射安全联锁系统,综合使用PLC、门禁系统和联锁钥匙,结合各自的优点,实现一个安全性能高、稳定性好、操作简便的安全控制系统,避免人员误入或误留在高辐射区而受到照射,保证工作人员的人身安全。本文介绍了该系统的架构、主要设备、工作流程和核心联锁信号。

简介：反应堆功率控制系统是核电厂最重要的非安全级控制系统之一。海阳核电站功率控制系统在快速降功率系统、旁排控制系统、汽机功率给定系统的协同下完成各个工况的功率控制。本文分析了主要控制策略及主要试验，帮助核电站相关人员加深对功率控制系统的理解，提高他们对机组状态的响应能力。

简介：IEC62645：2014为核电厂基于计算机的仪表和控制（I＆C）系统、或集成的硬件描述语言（HDL）程控设备（HPD）（以下简称I＆CCB＆HPD系统）有效安全程序的开发和管理确立要求并提供指南。这些要求和指南的固有准则是电厂I＆CCB＆HPD系统安全程序遵循适用的国家I＆CCB＆HPD系统的安全要求。本标准的主要目的是规定足够有计划的措施，以便对使用数字化手段（攻击计算机）对I＆CCB＆HPD系统的恶意行为进行预防、侦测并做出反应。这包含一切不安全状况以及设备损坏或电厂性能退化。

简介：北京同步辐射装置（Beijingsynchrotronradiationfacility,BSRF)3B1B生物光谱实验站已经投入运行，该站的主要工作是测量样品的圆二色性。本文介绍该站为获取稳定的圆二色信号所做的工作。

简介：该出版物是对两项安全导则的修订与结合，即IAEA安全标准系列No．NS—G-1．1和N0．NS—G-1．3。该出版物对以上两项安全导则发布后仪表与控制系统发生的改变进行说明。主要变化与计算机应用的持续发展相关，也与仪表与控制系统的安全、稳定和实际使用上必要方法的演变有关。此外，也将人因工程学的进展和计算机安全性的需求纳入考虑范围。

简介：1前言对任何一个生产技术领域,从科研开发、成品生产到市场销售,都离不开测试系统,测试系统得出的测试数据,可为科研开发提供指导性信息、诊断生产过程是否处于受控状态、确认产品质量是否符合技术规范的要求;虽然,测量的数据并不直接参与市场竞争,但它在市场竞争中起着不可忽视的作用。测试系统的重要性不仅体现在生产技术领域,在医学、法律学和环境科学等领域亦是非常重要,只是体现的方式有差异而以。测试系统的重要性在核工业领域体现尤为突出,由于核工业的特殊性,它的核产品价值昂贵,核设施的安全涉及公众的安全和国际政治影响,核材料的管制更是如此。如在燃料组件生产过程中,如果由于测试数据不准确导致不合格的产品进入反应堆,将发生烧结或破损事故,直接影响核电站的安全,甚至造成巨大的经济损失和国际影响;在核材料管制中,若测试数据不准确,不能及时觉查特殊核材料不平衡,甚至丢失或被盗,将酿成恶劣的政治影响。由此可见,测试数据可靠性的重要意义。各国对核工业测试系统都非常重视。如美国,有一套有关核工业测试系统的质量控制和相关标准。

简介：Characteristicsofiontemperaturemeasuredwithcharge-exchangerecombinationspectroscopy（CXRS）werestudiedinOhmic,lower-hybrid-wave（LHW）drivenandion-cyclotron-resonance-frequency（ICRF）heatedplasmasinHT-7.TheresultsindicatethatthecentraliontemperatureTi0followstheone-thirdpowerlawintheproductofcentralline-averageddensityneandplasmacurrentIpinOhmicdischargesandisthereforeconsistentwiththeArtsimovichscalinglawTi0=K·（Ip·Bt·ne·R2）1/3.ItisshownthatthereisanappreciableincreaseofiontemperatureduringtheoperationwithbothLHWandICRFandthattheincrementofiontemperatureinthoseshotsismainlyduetotheenergytransferviacollisionsbetweenionsandelectronsratherthatbydirectheatingoftheions.

简介：SawtoothcontrolexperimentswereperformedonHT-7withalimiterconfigurationandontheExperimentalAdvancedSuperconductingTokamak(EAST)withadoublenullcon-figuration.Thesawtoothperiodcanbemodifiedbylowerhybridwave(LHW)andioncyclotronresonancefrequency(ICRF).Differentsawtoothbehaviorwasobservedwiththesameplasmadensity,LHWpowerbutdifferentplasmacurrentsonHT-7.TherewasadwelltimebetweenLHWaddedandthesawtoothstabilizationonHT-7whilethesawtoothstabilizationimmediatelyhappenedwhenLHWpowerwasinjectedonEAST.Thepossiblemechanismofthesawtoothcontrolisdiscussedinthispaper.Alltheexperimentalresultshaveprovedthatpowerdepositionoftheradiofrequency(RF)shouldbethekeyfactorforsawtoothcontrol.

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简介：Experimentsonlowerhybridwave(LHW)couplingwereinvestigatedintheHT-7tokamak.GoodcouplingofLHWplasmahasbeendemonstratedatdifferentconditionsintheHT-7tokamak.RelevantresultshaveprovedthatLHW-plasmacouplingisaffectedbythephasedifferencebetweenadjacentwaveguides.Furthermore,theedgedensityaroundthegrillandrelevantcouplingcanbeadjustedbychangingtheplasmalineaveragedensityorthegapvaluebetweentheLHgrillandthelastclosedfluxsurfaces(LCFS).ItisfoundthatthecouplingofLHWsbecomespoorwhentheedgedensityaroundtheLHgrillislargeenoughintheHT-7tokamak,andthatcouplingremainsgoodwithaproperedgedensity.WithincreasingLHWpower,itisalsofoundthatthereflectioncoefficients(RCs)increaseduetonon-lineareffectsunderconditionsoflowedgerecycling,butcandecreaseunderhighedgerecycling.Theedgedensitydependsmainlyonthecompetitionbetweentheponderomotiveforce(PMF)andtheedgerecyclingintensityintheHT-7tokamak.

简介：SawtoothactivityonHT-7tokamakhasbeeninvestigatedexperimentallymainlybyusingsoftx-raydiodearrayandmagneticprobes.Theirbehaviorsandoccurrencesarecorrelatedcloselytothedischargeconditions:theelectrondensityNe,theelectrontemperatureTe,thesafetyfactorqaonplasmaboundaryandwallconditionetc.Whencentralline-averagedelectrondensityNe(0)isover2.0×1013cm-3,majorsawtoothactivityemergeswithaperiodofupto6.5msandafluctuationamplitudeofupto2～30%ofSXRradiationsignal.Insomecasessuchasthesafetyfactorbetween4.2～4.7andZeff=3.0～6.0,amonstersawtoothactivityoftenemergeswithoutapparentdeteriorationofplasmaconfinementandwithoutmajordisruption.Duringtheseevents,abundantMHDphenomenaareobservedincludingpartialsawtoothoscillations.Inthispaper,theobservedsawtoothbehaviorsandtheirdependenceontheandtheirdependencedensityNeandwallconditioninohmicallyheatedplasmaareintroduced,theresultsarediscussedandpresented.

简介：TheICRF(IonCyclotronRangeFrequency)cleaningtechniquehasbeenusedasaroutinewallcleaningmethodintheHT-7superconductingtokamak.Inawiderangeoftoroidalfield,thcremovalrateofresidualgasbyICRFcleaningwasabouttwentytimeshigherthanthatofglowdischargecleaning(GDC).AtdifferentgaspressureandRFpowerlevels,theICRFcleaningisstudiedcarcfully.Agoodimpurityclcaningeffectandaveryhighhydrogenremovalratewereobtained.Theremovalrateofhydrogenby5kWICRFcleaningachievedwas1.6×10-5Torr.1/s.AndtherelationshipsamongpressureP,outgassingrateQ,atomiclayersLabsorbedonsurfaceandthecleaningmodewerediscussedbriefly.

简介：Thispaperreportsforthefirsttimeanexperimentalstudyonthepowerdepositionprofileoftheioncyclotronrangefrequencies(ICRF)powerdepositingonelectronsinHT-7.ThefastFouriertransform(FFT)analysisandthebreakinslope(BIS)methodareutilizedtoobtaintheinformationofthepowerdeposition.Theresultsindicatethattheelectronswereheateddirectly,andtheelectronsabsorbedaround20%oftheinputpowerofthedischargeofinterest.

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简介：本文介绍了核电厂电气二次系统技术的发展趋势及其面，临的网络安全威胁问题；分析了国家能源局对核电厂电气二次系统安全防护部署的强制性技术监管要求；通过解析核电厂电气二次系统的设备现状，研究出一种可实际部署在核电厂的电气二次系统的信息安全监管平台方案，并进一步探讨了该方案的后续发展趋势。

简介：Togetanoptimizedpulsedelectricalplasmadischargereactorandtoincreasetheenergyutilizationefficiencyintheremovalofpollutants,twohybridplasmadischargereactorsweredesignedandoptimized.Thereactorswerecomparedviathedischargecharacteristics,energytransferefficiency,theyieldsoftheactivespeciesandtheenergyutilizationindyewastewaterdegradation.TheresultsshowedthatunderthesameACinputpower,thecharacteristicsofthedischargewaveformofthepoint-to-platereactorwerebetter.UnderthesameACinputpower,thetworeactorsbothhadalmostthesamepeakvoltageof22kV.Thepeakcurrentofthepoint-to-platereactorwas146A,whilethatofthewire-to-cylinderreactorwasonly48.8A.Thepeakpowersofthepoint-to-platereactorandthewire-to-cylinderreactorwere1.38MWand1.01MW,respectively.Theenergyperpulseofthepoint-to-platereactorwas0.2221J,whichwasabout29.4%higherthanthatofthewire-to-cylinderreactor（0.1716J）.Toremove50%AcidOrange7（A07）,theenergyutilizationsofthepoint-to-platereactorandthewireto-cylinderreactorwere1.02×10-9mol/Land0.61×10-9mol/L,respectively.Inthepoint-toplatereactor,theconcentrationofhydrogenperoxideinpurewaterwas3.6mmol/Lafter40minofdischarge,whichwashigherthanthatofthewire-to-cylinderreactor（2.5mmol/L）.Theconcentrationofliquidphaseozoneinthepoint-to-platereactor(5.7×10-2mmol/L)wasabout26.7%higherthanthatinthewire-to-cylinderreactor(4.5×10-2mmol/L).Theanalysisresultsofthevarianceshowedthatthetypeofreactorandreactiontimehadsignificantimpactsontheyieldsofthehydrogenperoxideandozone.ThemaindegradationintermediatesofA07identifiedbygaschromatographyandmassspectrometry（GCMS）wereaceticacid,maleicanhydride,pbenzoquinone,phenol,benzoicacid,phthalicanhydride,coumarinand2-naphthol.Proposeddegradationpathwayswereelucidatedinlightoftheanalyzeddegradationproducts.

简介：DedicatedexperimentsintheHT-7tokamakwereperformedtoinvestigatethein-fluenceoferosionanddepositiononthemirrorsamples.Thefirstmirror(FM)samplesmadeofpolycrystalline(PC)stainlesssteel(SS),molybdenum(Mo)andtungsten(W)werefixedonaholderatanangleof45withrespecttothehorizontalplaneandsetatdifferentlocationswithdifferentconnectionlengthsalongthemagneticfield.Theopticalreflectivityofthefirstmirrorwasmeasuredbyaspectrophotometerbeforeandafterplasmaexposure.Itwasfoundthatthesurfacemorphologyandspecularreflectivityofthemirrorsamplesaftertheexposureweredifferentwithrespecttothedifferentdistancesfromthemirrorsurfacetothelastclosedfluxsurface(LCFS)oftheplasmainthetokamak.Itwasalsofoundthatshorteningtheconnectionlengthbeforethemirrorsurfacewouldweakentheinfluenceoftheplasmaerosionandimpuritydepositiononthemirrorsurface.Inordertomaintaintheopticalcharacteristicsofthemirrorsurface,itisnecessarytoadoptthein-situcleaningandmirrorprotectiontechniques.

简介：Inlowerhybridcurrentdrive(LHCD)experimentsinHT-7,LHwavecoupledtotheplasmafrom12klystronsislaunchedbyaphasedmulti-junctiongrill.Highpowermicrowavereflectionorarc,whichthreatenstheklystrons,thewave-guideceramicwindowsandthevacuumofthetokamak,occursometimesduringtheexperiments.Forthesakeofsafety,ahighpowermicrowavetestsystemtoperformsimulationswasdeveloped.Inthetestexperiments,theklystronandwindowcanbewellprotectedwithanoptimizedmicrowavemonitorandaPINswitch.ThelayoutofthetestsystemandthesimulatedexperimentsforHT-7aredescribedinthispaper.