简介：OnJune17,2007,AdministrationCenterofChina'sAgenda21andChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesand

简介：ThispaperaimstoidentifythemaindrivingforceforchangesoftotalprimaryenergyconsumptioninBeijingduringtheperiodof1981-2005.Sectoralenergyusewasinvestigatedwhenregionaleconomicstructurechangedsignificantly.ThechangesoftotalprimaryenergyconsumptioninBeijingaredecomposedintoproductioneffects,structuraleffectsandintensityeffectsusingtheadditiveversionofthelogarithmicmeanDivisiaindex(LMDI)method.Aggregatedecompositionanalysisshowedthatthemajorcontributoroftotaleffectwasmadebytheproductioneffectfol-lowedbytheintensityeffect,andthestructuraleffectwasrela-tivelyinsignificant.Thetotalandproductioneffectswereallposi-tive.Incontrast,thestructuraleffectandintensityeffectwereallnegative.Sectoraldecompositioninvestigationindicatedthatthemosteffectivewaytoslowdownthegrowthrateoftotalprimaryenergyconsumption(TPEC)wastoreducetheproductionoftheenergy-intensiveindustrialsectorsandimprovingindustrialen-ergyintensity.Theresultsshowthatinthisperiod,Beijing'seconomyhasundergoneatransformationfromanindustrialtoaserviceeconomy.However,thestructuresofsectoralenergyusehavenotbeenchangedyet,andenergydemandshouldbein-creasinguntiltheenergy-intensiveindustrialproductiontobereducedandenergyintensityoftheregionreachesapeak.Assequenceenergyconsumptiondataofsub-sectorsarenotavailable,onlythefundamentalthreesectorsareconsidered:agriculture,industryandservice.However,furtherdecompositionintosecon-daryandtertiarysectorsisdefinitelyneededfordetailedinvesti-gations.

简介：Basedonshift-sharemethod,thisarticleemploysregionalshare,structuralshiftandcompetitiveshifttoanalyzethestructuralbenefitandcompetitivepositionofagriculturalstructureinwesternChinabycomparingwithagriculture,foresting,stockbreedingandfishingbeforeandafterConversionofFarmlandtoForestandGrassland(CFFG).Thenauthorsdrawfollowingconclusion:whileCFFGprogramhasbeenputinpractice,theagriculturalstructureinwesternChinahassometypicalcharacteristics,suchasgrowthfaster,structuralpredominanceobviousandmorecompetitive.Butthecontributivenessfromthecompetitionisnottoomuchyet,andthestructuralbenefitofforestestateandstockbreedingarerestrained.

简介：WhenaccountingtheCO2emissionsresponsibilityoftheelectricitysectorattheprovinciallevelinChina,itisofgreatsignificancetoconsiderthescopeofbothproducers’andtheconsumers’responsibility,sincethiswillpromotefairnessindefiningemissionresponsibilityandenhancecooperationinemissionreductionamongprovinces.Thispaperproposesanewmethodforcalculatingcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelbasedonthesharedresponsibilityprincipleandtakingintoaccountinterregionalpowerexchange.Thismethodcannotonlybeusedtoaccounttheemissionresponsibilitysharedbyboththeelectricityproductionsideandtheconsumptionside,butitisalsoapplicableforcalculatingthecorrespondingemissionresponsibilityundertakenbythoseprovinceswithnetelectricityoutflowandinflow.ThismethodhasbeenusedtoaccountforthecarbonemissionsresponsibilitiesofthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelinChinasince2011.Theempiricalresultsindicatethatcomparedwiththeproduction-basedaccountingmethod,thecarbonemissionsofmajorpower-generationprovincesinChinacalculatedbythesharedresponsibilityaccountingmethodarereducedbyatleast10%,butthoseofotherpower-consumptionprovincesareincreasedby20%ormore.Secondly,basedontheprincipleofsharedresponsibilityaccounting,InnerMongoliahasthehighestcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorwhileHainanhasthelowest.Thirdly,fourprovinces,includingInnerMongolia,Shanxi,HubeiandAnhui,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflow-14milliontin2011,accountingfor74.42%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflowinChina.Sixprovinces,includingHebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,andJiangsu,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflow-11milliontin2011,accountingfor71.44%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflowinChina.Lastly,thispaperhasestimatedtheemissionfactorsofelectricity

简介：NewtechnologiesareinurgentneedofunconventionalhydrocarbonexplorationanddevelopmentinChina.Thispaperprovidesabriefintroductionandanalysisofanewthree-dimensional(3D)geomechanicalrestorationmethoddevelopedinrecentyears.Afteranin-depthdiscussiononthetechnicalprincipleandspecificcharacteristicsofthefields,wedesignedafeasibleworkflowfortwooil-gasfieldswithgreatunconventionaloil-gasresourcepotentialsinChina(WeiyuanandJiulongshanoil-gasfieldsofSichuan).Afterdiscussingthemajorchallengesandlimitationsofthenewtechnology,wealsosuggestitsresearcheffortsandfutureapplicationprospectItisshownthatthenewtechnologywillbeaneffectivemethodtofacilitatetheexplorationanddevelopmentofunconventionaloilandgasresourcesinChina.

简介：Thesmallhydropower(SHP)willbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofenvironmentalvalue.Thelackofinformationhasbecomeanimportantobstaclechallengingdecision-makersinresource-usechoices.Thispaperisanapplicationofcontingentvaluationmethod(CVM)inruralChinatoestimatethewillingness-to-pay(WTP)forenvironmentalservicesprovidedbyexitinghydropowerstation.Usingthesingle-boundedanddichotomouschoiceCVM,theecologicalvalueofTongjiqiaoReservoir(TJQR)isestimated,andtheannualmeanWTPsofsingle-boundedanddouble-boundedCVMestimationare141.05and219.52Yuan(RMB)/a,respectively.The95%confidenceintervalofannualWTPonanaverageis118.47,166.79Yuan(RMB)/aand204.41,236.22(YuanRMB)/a,respectively.Incontrast,double-boundedmodelcouldobtainmuchmoreinformationofWTPoftheinvestigated,thusreducingtheconfidenceintervalofestimation,andenhancingtheestimationaccuracyoftheWTP.AccordingtotheestimatedmeanWTPofthedouble-boundedCVM,thetotalecosystemservicevalueoftheTJQRis15.54millionYuan(RMB).Comparedwiththeconventionalelectricityoffossilpowerandlargehydropower,theSHPwillbelesscompetitiveintheabsenceofnon-marketvalue,ignoringthattheenvironmentalimpactsofexistingSHPwillunderminethehealthydevelopmentofcleanenergysector.

简介：基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术，选取低浓度的CO、CO2、NO、NO2、SO2、HCI、HBr、HCN8种典型有毒有害气体进行定量分析。经过合理选择光谱区间、数据预处理、样本筛选以及确定模型参数后，建立PLS回归模型，并对模型回归曲线进行多项式修正。模型中各组分实际浓度与预测浓度的拟合回归系数达到0．99，校正集误差均方根SRMSEC低于15×10^-6。利用验证集对模型的预测性能进行检验，样本各组分的预测浓度误差小于满量程的±2％，各组分的预测误差均方根SRMSEP不超过20×10^-6。