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简介：ThepapermodelsthearrivalofheterogeneousinformationduringR&DstagesasadoublystochasticPoissonprocess(DSPP).Thenewproductmarketintroductionisthoughtofasoptiononanoption(acompoundoption).ThispaperderivesananalyticapproximationvaluationformulafortheR&Doption,anddemonstratesthattheaccountsforheterogeneousinformationarrivalmayreducethepricingbiases.Thisway,thegapbetweenrealoptiontheoryandthepracticeofdecisionmakingwithrespecttoinvestmentinR&Disdiminished.

简介：Asanewscientificdiscipline,nanoparticleaerosolscienceandtechnology(NAST)dealswiththeformation,propertiesandbehaviorofnanoparticlesingases.Drivenbyitspracticalapplicationsinmanydifferentfields,NASThasbeenundergoingrapiddevelopment.Aconceptualframeworkofthediscipline,withitsownbasicprinciples,experimentalmethodsandcomputationaltechniques,isnowtakingshape.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewofthecurrentstatusandresearchneedsofthenewdiscipline.Thepresentationbeginswithadiscourseontherelationshipamongvariousparticlesystems,whichoccurfrequentlyinnatureandindustry.Thepropertiesandbehaviorofnanoparticleaerosolsarethendiscussed,withemphasisonthekeyrolesplayedbyparticlesizeandmorphology.Similartofluiddynamics,NASTisanenablingdisciplineinthesensethatithasprovidedtheconceptsandmethodologyneededforthedevelopmentofmanyotherfields.Applicationsofnanoparticleaerosolscienceandtechnologyarehighlightedinthreeimportantareas:(1)aerosolprocessesforsynthesisofnanoparticles,(2)atmosphericnanoparticlesandglobalclimate,and(3)dosimetryofinhalednanoparticles.Thesefieldshavefeaturesincommoninsofarasnanoparticleaerosolsfollowthesamebasiclawsofphysicsandchemistry.

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简介：ＯＰＴＩＭＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＳＦＯＲＴＨＥＦＩＲＳＴＡＲＲＩＶＡＬＴＩＭＥＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＯＮＴＩＮＵＯＵＳＴＩＭＥ－ＷＩＴＨＡＳＰＥＣＩＡＬＣＡＳＥＬＩＮＹＵＡＮＬＩＥ（林元烈）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭａ...

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简介：Inthispaper,theinterestingdevelopmentoftheveryimportantinnovationofthrustvestoringtechnologyinappliedaerodynamicsisdescribed.InMemoryofafirend.Dr.W.HerbstofMBB,Germany,theso-calledfatheroftheX-31experimentalthrustvectoringfighter,wholosthislifeafewyearsagowhilepilotinghisprivateairplane.BertrandRussel：“Menarebornignorant,notstupid-theyaremadestupidbyeducation.”.AdmiralHymanRickover:“Thebestengineersarethosewho,inadditiontotechnicalexpertise,havehadgoodtrainingintheliberalartsandunderstandtheworldaroundthem”。

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简介：Energyandenvironmentalissueshavebecomeincreasinglyprominentinmattersoftransportation.Comparedwithroad,air,andseatransportation,railwaytransportationhastheadvantagesofalargetransmissioncapacity,withrapid,safe,andon-timetravel,requiringlesslandresources,withlowerenergyconsumption,lessenvironmentalpollution,andthecapacitytooperateundermostweatherconditions.Inparticular,high-speedrailwaytechnologyhasbeengrowingrapidly.Sincetheworld'sfirsthigh-speedrailwaywasbuiltinJapanin1964,morethantencountriesandregionshavedevelopedhigh-speedrailways,operatingoveratotalofmorethan10000km.High-speedrailwaysnotonlyprovidethepublicwithanewtypeofrapid,convenient,safe,andcomfortabletravel,butalsogreatlyboostthesocio-economicdevelopmentofthecountry.

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