简介：Sulfurcontentisoneofthefuelpropertiestobemonitored.Sulfurdioxide,themajorproductderivedfromorganicsulfurcompoundsintheexhaustgasemissions,isapoisontothethree-waycatalysts(TWC).AgasmixturewasappliedtosimulatetheexhaustgasesusedintheTWCagingproceduretests.TwotypesoftheTWC,REX-ⅡCandREX-ⅡD,weretestedinthisstudy.TheperformanceofbothTWC'sbeforeandafterthe100-hoursulfuragingprogramwascompared.ItwasconcludedthatthePtcomponentintheTWCwasapttobepoisonedbysulfurmucheasilythanRh.TheperformanceoftheREX-ⅡDcatalystwasgenerallybetterthanthatoftheREX-ⅡCcatalyst.

简介：在FCC汽油的硫混合物的形成上的石蜡的效果在在从400～500的温度联合起来的一张小规模的固定的使流体化的床(FFB)上被学习，重量时时10h-1的空间速度(WHSV)，和6的催化剂/油比率。结果证明在FCC汽油包含的C4-C6石蜡能与H2S反应主要形成thiophenes，alkyl-thiophenes以及thiols的部分数量，当象heptene那样的大分子的石蜡能与形成benzothiophenes的氢硫化物反应时。在不同催化剂上在不同温度形成的硫混合物的数量与在化工物品的石蜡的集体部分成比例，与在REUSY催化剂超过上形成的硫混合物的数量，那些在石蜡变换的度上由于催化剂性能的效果和催化剂的影响在形状上形成了选择沸石催化剂。因为为硫的形成的热力学、运动的常数上的温度的影响，在450点的最大值和在400点的最小象在石蜡变换degree.Based上一样加重在上的产生的硫混合物和他们到达的增加的数量上述学习，为与H2S在FCC汽油在石蜡的反应之上产生的硫混合物的预言的一个反应网络和一个模型被建立。

简介：<正>Inthisresearchwork,threekindsofactivatedbentoniteusedassolidacidcatalystshadbeensynthesizedandstudiedonremovalofolefinsfromthereformateoil.ActivatedbentonitesampleswereanalyzedusingtheBETandpyridine-FTIRmeasurementstoinvestigatetheirphysicalandchemicalproperties.Theresultsshowedthatbothtexturalpropertiesandsurfaceacidityofthebentonitecouldaffectthecatalyticactivity.Amongthecatalystsamples,onekindofbentonitepurchasedfromHubeiwithhighsurfacearea,highporevolumeandmoreacidsitesrevealedhighactivityinremovingolefinsfromthereformate.

简介：汽油的清洁与它的部件有关，properties.All广告汽油在引擎的注射者，吸入阀门和燃烧房间上建立存款，罐头它显著地降低引擎表演和影响用尽煤气的emissions.In这研究，吸入阀门存款(IVD)和燃烧房间存款(电荷耦合器件)从包含aromatics的21v-42v的燃料的燃烧生产了，石蜡的8v-31v被学习了使用de的福特引擎测试，和特征

简介：Theinfluenceofthecarrierpseudo-boehmite(PB),whichwasimpregnatedwithaNi-Mo-Psolutionunderover-saturationconditionsandtreatedatdifferenttemperatures,onitspropertyforadsorptionofactivemetals(Ni,Mo)wasstudied.Theresultsshowedthattheamountforadsorptionofactivemetalwasdecreasedwithanincreasingtreatmenttemperatureofthecarrier.AfterphasetransitionofthecarrierPBtoγ-Al2O3,itscapacityforadsorptionofactivemetalswassignificantlyreduced.Thedifferenceinpropertiesforadsorptionofactivemetals(Ni,Mo)byPBdriedat120℃andγ-Al2O3calcinedat600℃wasstudiedindetail.TheresultssuggestedthattheabilityofthePBcarriertoadsorbmetalswashigherthanthatoftheγ-Al2O3carrier.Especially,theratioofchemicallyadsorbedmetalsonthePBsupportwasmuchhigherthanγ-alumina.ThechemicaladsorptionsitesonthePBcarrierwereprovedtobemuchmorethanthoseontheγ-Al2O3carrier.NiandMochemicaladsorptionsitesdifferedalotonthecarrierpossiblybecauseofthedifferenceinchemicaladsorptionsites.

简介：

简介：Oil-waterseparationiscriticaltosolventextractionprocessofrareearth,whichcandirectlyaffecttheyieldandqualityoftheproduct.Theexperimentsmeasurethetwo-phaseseparationtimeinabeaker,mixinguniformityoftwophasesinthemixerandtheoilphaseentrainmentatoilexitbytheKarlFischermethodandnumericalsimulationforthemixersettlertostudythecombinedeffectofgravityandstirring.Experimentalresultsshowthatrelativetothestaticsituation,theseparationefficiencyresultedfromlow-speedstirringisincreasedby25%.ThewatercontentintheoilisaminimumatanoffsetdistanceLof10cmandtheclearanceoffthetankbottomzof10cmisaslowas0.49%.Distributionimagesofoilwaterseparationat2sindicatesthatstirringisveryconducivetotheseparationoftheoil-waterphase.

简介：TheinfluenceofmischmetaladditiononphysicochemicalpropertiesofPtSnNa/ZSM-5catalystwasstudiedbymeansofXRF,H2chemisorption,XRD,TPR,NH3-TPDandTPOtechniques.TheresultsshowedthatthepresenceofmischmetalhadanobviousimpactonthecatalyticperformanceofthePtSnNa/ZSM-5catalyst.AsuitablecontentofmischmetalnotonlycouldenhancetheinteractionsbetweenPtspeciesandthesupport,butalsoinhibittheformationofcokeduringthereaction,thusimprovingthecatalyticactivityandstability.Inourexperiments,whenthecontentofmischmetalwas3m%,thecatalystexhibitedbestcatalyticperformance.However,thecontinuousadditionofmischmetalcouldpromotethereductionofSnspeciestometallictin,whichwasdisadvantageoustothereaction.

简介：Thenitrousoxidedisposalunit,inwhichShenmaNylonChemicalsCompanyinHenanprovincehasinvestedmorethan68millionRMB,waspre-commissionedinNovember2007torealizethedetoxificationofallgasesgeneratedbythe

简介：二进制蒸汽液体平衡(VLE)数据为2-propanol/ethanediol和ethanediol/potassium醋酸盐(KAc)的系统被测量。为propanol/ethanediol的系统的VLE数据用热力学的一致性测试被测试。y1和P的平均价值分别地是0.0776和0.1542kPa。VLE数据的上述二个集合与NRTL模型一起被相关。为2-propanol/water/KAc的系统的第三的VLE数据被用来为2-propanol/KAc和water/KAC(叫的TDCM)的二进制系统获得NRTL模型的更合适的参数。为multicomponent系统，第三、第四级，NRTL模型预言的VLE价值与文学数据同意了很好。KAc的KAc，ethanediol和在2propanol和水之间的轻快上的ethanediol的影响分别地被调查。结果证明上述材料和混合物在在2-propanol和水之间的轻快上有不同影响。为咸包含的VLE的关联和预言的方法为说的系统简单、有效。

简介：Fordealingwithhigh-salinitywastewaterintherefinery,thehighcostofdrivingheatsourceisthedisadvantageofmulti-effectdistillation(MED)soitisofgreatimportancetoevaluatetheperformanceoflow-temperatureheatsourceforconductingMEDandselecttheoptimaltemperatureforit.BoththeMEDandthelow-temperatureheatsourcesstudiedinthispaperwerefromatypicalrefinerylocatedinnorthwesternChina.Besides,anewmethodologytoevaluateheatsourcesastheoptimalcandidatewasproposedforMEDbasedonthegreysystemtheory.Fiveprocessunits,whichincluded18fluidsoftherefinery,werenamedastheevaluationprojects.Threefactors,whichincludedsafetyeffects,totalcostsandcharacteristicsoflow-temperatureheatsourcesweredeterminedastheevaluationindexes,thevaluesofwhichwereestablishedthroughtheanalyses.Theresultsobtainedthroughthegreycorrelationanalyseshaverevealedthatthegreycorrelationdegreesoftheseunitswere0.661(AVDU),0.732(#1FCCU),0.618(#2FCCU),0.535(#1DCU),and0.572(#2DCU),respectively.Thus,theoptimalheatsourcewasprovidedfrom#1FCCU.Throughfurtheranalysesofthefluidsfrom#1FCCU,thegreycorrelationdegreesofthefluidswere0.597(oilandgasattopoftower),0.714(recycleoilandgas),and0.512(diesel),respectively.Thus,theoptimalheatsourcewastheoilandgasrecyclestream.

简介：FreshZSM-5zeolitecatalystswerepretreatedat460℃and500℃withvariouscumulativeamountofwaterfeed(CAWF)inafixedbedreactor.Thecatalyticprocesswascarriedoutunderthefollowingconditions:atemperatureof480℃;amethanolWHSVof3h-1;amethanolpartialpressureof30kPa;andatimeonstreamof12h,24hand48h,respectively.TheBETparametersofcatalystsanddiffusioncoefficientsoftolueneshowedthatthereweretwotypesofmesoporesgeneratedunderdifferenthydrothermalconditions.MildtemperatureandmoderateCAWFconditionsledtoexternalopenmesoporeswhichcouldbeenteredfromtheexternalsurfaceofthezeolite,whileahightemperatureorahighCAWFconditionresultedinthegenerationofmacroporesorinternalisolatedmesopores,whichwereoccludedinthemicroporousmatrix.TheTGAresultsshowedthatcatalystwithexternalopenmesoporeshadgoodabilitytoresistcokeaccumulationandgoodperformanceonpropyleneselectivity,whiletheinternalisolatedmesoporesdidnocontributetotheincreaseddiffusivityofreactantsandproducts.

简介：SixNi-MocatalystswithdifferentmetalcontentswerepreparedandcharacterizedbyN2adsorptionandX-raydiffractometry.TheactivephasemicrostructureofthesecatalystswasexaminedbytheRamanspectroscopy,temperatureprogrammedreduction(TPR),X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,andhigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Hydrodesulfurization(HDS)activityofcatalystsampleswereanalyzedinaflowfixed-bedmicroreactor.ThesulfidationdegreeofMoandthelengthoftheMoS2slabslightlyincreasedwiththeamountofmetalloadedfollowingsulfidation.Thissmallchangeisattributedtopolymolybdatespeciesobservedinalltheoxidizedcatalysts.Weakmetal-supportinteractions,asdeterminedbytheTPRtechnique,increasedtheNiSxsulfidationphaseandMoS2slabstacking.TheHDSactivityofthecatalystsamplesincreasedwiththenumberofactivesites.Forhighmetalloadingcatalysts,theirHDSactivitywasnearlyidenticalbecausethesulfuratomscannoteasilyapproachactivesites.ThischangeiscausedbythelargenumberofstackedlayersintheMoS2slabsaswellasthedecreaseinthespecificsurfaceareaandporevolumeofthecatalystsampleswithanincreasingmetalloading.

简介：Thispaperhasstudiedthevapor-liquidequilibrium(VLE)forthesalt-containingextractivedistillationofthe1-propanol/watersystem.BinaryVLEdataweremeasuredforthesystemsof1-propanol(1)/KAc(4),ethanediol(3)/KAc(4),and1-propanol(1)/ethanediol(3),withtheVLEdatacorrelatedwiththeNRTLmodelinordertoobtainthemodelparametersofthesebinarysystems.ThebinaryVLEdatacitedintechnicalliteraturewerecorrelatedtoobtainthemodelparametersforotherbinarysystems.VLEdataofternaryandquaternarysystemspredictedbytheNRTLmodelagreedwellwiththeliteraturedata.TheinfluenceofKAc,ethanediol,andtheKAc/ethanediolmixtureonvolatilitybetween1-propanolandwaterwasinvestigatedrespectively.Testresultsshowedthattheabove-mentionedmaterials(KAc,ethanediol)andtheirmixture(KAcandethanediol)havedifferentinfluenceonthevolatility.Whenx3=0.5,andx4=0.05,theazeotropicpointcanbeeliminated.TheNRTLmodelmethodofsalt-containingVLEissimpleandeffectiveforthepredictionofthesystem’sVLEdata.

简介：如何增强忧患意识，在市场“寒冬”中推进管理变革保持企业可持续发展，中信出版社出版的《紧迫感》一书，给了我们很好的启示：要有“真正的紧迫感”。这本书是哈佛商学院终身教授、全球管理大师约翰·科特最新力作，被中国企业称为“企业过冬的思想读本”。该书认为，任何企业试图进行变革的努力，无论其规模如何，如果一开始没有足够强烈的紧迫感，没有足够少的自满情绪，一切事情都会变得拳步维艰、困难重重。，一切始于紧迫感。紧迫感，是企业变革的核心与关键。