简介：Differentfromthetraditionalone-dimensionalextremevaluestatisticalmethod,practicaldesigncriteriafornearshorestructuredesignarepresentedbasedonjointprobabilitytheoryinthispaper.Theproposedprocedureconsidersthecombinedeffectoftidelevel,hugewavesandwindaffectingcoastalstructures.TheImportanceSamplingProcedure(ISP)isutilizedtosolvethejointdistributionofnon-Gaussiancorrelatedmultivariatedistributions.ThecalculationresultsshowthattheISPisasimulatingtechniquewiththeadvantagesofefficiencyandhighconvergency.Finallytheenvironmentalconditionsaregivenusingthistechniquefornear-shorestructuredesignintheQingdaoarea.

简介：Astochastictwo-dimensionalFornasini-Marchesini'sModelⅡ(2-DFMMⅡ)withmultiplicativenoiseisgiven,andafilteringalgorithmforthismodel,whichisoptimalinthesenseoflinearminimum-variance,isdeveloped.Thestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoisecanbereducedtoa1-Dmodel,andtheproposedoptimalfilteringalgorithmforthestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoiseisobtainedbyusingthestateestimationtheoryof1-Dsystems.Anexampleisgiventoillustratethevalidityofthisalgorithm.

简介：Forloadingandunloadingofboatsorshipsroundtheclock,theaccesschannelanditsexpandedpart-aportareexcavatedonthelagoonandoceanreefflatsinthetropicPacificoceanicislands.Withoutmoles,theaccesschannel-porttrapssedimentandfurthertransportsittotheoceanorlagoon,resultingincoastalerosion.Thewideunevenreefflatwithalargecatchmentareatendstocausetheformationoftidecurrentsinthechannel-port,whilestrongwavesonthenarrowevenreefflatcangiverisetoripcurrents.Anaccesschannel-portwithamoleononesideortwomolesonbothsidesresultsinlesserosion.Amodelisrecommendedasanartificialharborontheoceancoast,whichisanexcavatedportsurroundedbyamole,connectedwiththeoceanbyanaccesschannelandwiththeshorebyabridge-shapedpier.

简介：Primitivemantle-normalizedPlatinum-groupelements(PGE)concentrationpatternsfortheZhengziyanwointrusionandDashibaoFormationbasaltsareofpositiveslope,similartomostoftheworld-classmagmaticNi-Cu-PGEsulfidedeposits.CharactersofthisintrusionanditsrelatedoresandDashibaoFormationbasaltsaretheirnegativePt-anomalyandhighconcentrationofRhrelativetoPtandPd,factsbeinginterpretedtobetheresultsofcrystallizationandfractionationofPt-alloysandspinelphase-freecrystallizationhistoryforthemagma,respectively.PGEparametersoftheDashibaoFormationbasaltsareconsistentwiththegeneraltrendofthosefoundfortheZhengziyanwointrusion,andthismightinferageneticlinkbetweenthem.

简介：AnanalysisofseismicdataobtainedthroughacableroutesurveystartingfromtheQingdaocoasttooffshorehasdeterminednineseismicunitssinceLatePleistocene.CorrelationoftheseismicdatawithBoreholeHi2confirmsthreeeustaticeventsthatoccurredduringtheLateQuaternaryandformedterrestrialunits2,5and7.Atthelowsealevelstage,paleo-rivershighlydeveloped,erodedpreviousstrata,formedpaleo-valley,andleftmaterials.

简介：Inthispaper,wetooktheleadinstudyingonspecificityofthemicrosatelliteDNAlociandapplicabilityofmicrosatelliteDNAprimersinprotozoa.Inordertostudycharactersofmicrosatellitesinfree-livingprotozoa,eightmicrosatellitelociprimersdevelopedfromTrypanosomacruzi(MCLE01,SCLE10,MCLE08,SCLE11,MCLF10,MCLG10,MCL03,MCL05)wereemployedtoamplifymicrosatelliteinfourfree-livingprotozoa,includingBododesignis,EuglenagracilisFACHB848,ParameciumbruziseandTetrahymenathermophilaBF1.IntheamplificationsystemsofP.bruzise,fourloci(SCLE10,SCLE11,MCLF10,MCL03)wereamplifiedsuccessfully,andfouramplificationfragmentswereinpropersize.IngenomeofE.gracilisFACHB848,fiveofeightprimersbroughtfiveclearamplificationbands.InB.designis,three(No.4,5and7)ofeightlociproducedclearandsharpproductswithoutstutterbands,whereasnobandsappearedinT.thermophilaBF1.Further,eight300-500bpamplificationfragmentswereclonedandsequenced.Nevertheless,allsequencedproductsdidnotcontaincorrespondingmicrosatellitesequence,althoughBodoisinthesameorderandhasthenearestphylogeneticrelationwithTrypanosomaamongthesefourspecies.Thus,themicrosatelliteDNAprimerscannotbeappliedamongorderormorefartaxa,andthespecificityofmicrosatelliteDNAisveryhighinprotozoa.TheresultsofthisstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofmicrosatelliteDNAinprotozoa.

简介：Anexperimentwasdesignedtoselecteconomicallyvaluablemacroalgaspecieswithhighnutrientuptakerates.Suchspeciesculturedonalargescalecouldbeapotentialsolutiontoeutrophication.Threemacroalgaespecies,Ulvapertusa(Chlorophyta),Gelidiumamansii(Rhodophyta)andSargassumenerve(Phaeophyta),werechosenfortheexperimentbecauseoftheireconomicvaluesandavailability.ControlandfournitrogenconcentrationswereachievedbyaddingNH4andNO3.Theresultsindicatethatthefreshweightsofallspeciesincreasefasterthanthatofcontrolafter5dculture.ThefreshweightofUlvapertusaincreasesfastestamongthe3species.However,differentspeciesshowdifferentresponsestonitrogensourceanditsavailability.TheyalsoshowtheadvantageofusingNH+4thanusingNO-3.U.Pertusagrowsbestandshowshighercapabilityofremovingnitrogenat200μmolL-1,butithaslowereconomicalvalue.G.Amansiihashighereconomicalvaluebutlowercapabilityofremovingnitrogenat200μmolL-1.ThecapabilityofnitrogenassimilationofS.EnerveishigherthanthatofG.Amansiiat200μmolL-1,buttheformer'sincreaseoffreshweightislowerthanthoseofothertwospecies.Thenpresentpreliminarystudydemonstratesthatitispossibletousemacroalgaeasbiofiltersandfurtherdevelopmentofthisapproachcouldprovidebiologicallyvaluableinformationonthesource,fate,andtransportofNinmarineecosystems.Cautionisneededshouldweextrapolatethesefindingstonaturalenvironments.

简介：DragforcesactingonSchlegel'sblackrockfishSebastesschlegeliwerestudied.AnewdragforcetransducerwasdesignedandusedtomeasurethewaterdragonSchlegel'sblackrockfishinaverticalrecirculatingflumetank.Fourteenindividualswereinvestigated,yieldingtwomeandragcoefficientsreferredtothecross-sectionalareaandvolume2/3respectivelyatwatervelocitiesrangingfrom0.3to1.0ms-1.ThedragcoefficientscanbeusedforestimatingthedragforcesactingonSebastesschlegeliinwater.

简介：Thelivingmorphologyandinfraciliatureofaheterotrichousciliate,Folliculinopsisproducta(Wright,1859)Frauré-Fremiet,1936,whichwascollectedfromthenorthcoastofChina,wereinvestigatedbyinvivoobservationandprotargolimpregnationtechniques.Asanewcontribution,aredescriptionispresented:largeFolliculinopsisofgreentodarkgreenincolor,800-1500μminsize;twoperistomiallobesofapproximatelyequalsize,300-400μminlength;adoralzoneofmembranellescontainingabout1000membranelles,lyingalonglobemarginsandexhibitingtwocircleswithinbuccalcavity;50-70somatickinetiesinmid-body;macronucleusminiliform,consistingofabout20beads;loricasmooth,vase-shaped,(300-500)μm×(90-130)μminsize,with5-12spiralridgesonnecktube;marinehabitat.

简介：ThewildPorphyrayezoensiscollectedfromtheQingdaocoastwasusedtoprepareprotoplastsbyenzymedigestion.Thepurelinewasconstructedbycultivatingtheprotoplasts.The18SrDNAoftheP.yezoensispurelinewasclonedandsequenced.Sequenceanalysiswasexecutedforthissequenceandother22sequencesretrievedfromGenBank.Aphylogenetictreewasconstructedusingtheneighbor-joiningmethod.Theresultsrevealedahighdiversityof18SrDNAsequencesingenusPorphyraandtheconsiderablevariationof18SrDNAsequencesindifferentstrainsofthesamespeciesP.yezoensisandP.tenera.Significantdifferenceof18SrDNAsequencewasobservedbetweenP.yezoensisfromQingdao,China,andthetwostrainsofP.yezoensisfromJapan,butthethreestrainsofP.yezoensisformedastablecladeinthephylogenetictree.TheseresultsindicatethepossibilityofinterspeciesandintraspeciesdiscriminationofPorphyrausingthe18SrDNAsequences.

简介：Short-termuptakeexperimentsandlong-termsemicontinuouscultureexperimentswereperformedundertheconditionofphosphorus(P)limitationtoestimateandcomparethePuptakeandgrowthkineticsofthemicroalgaTetraselmissubcordiformisandthemacroalgaUlvapertusa.Twonewparameters,themaximumspecificuptakerate(Vspm)andthemaximalgrowthefficiency(β),areintroducedtoachieveuniformityforthecomparisonofnutrientuptakeandgrowthefficiencybetweenmicroalgaeandmacroalgae.T.subcordiformispossesses3timeslowerhalfsaturationuptakeconstant,4timeshighermaximalgrowthrateand20timeshighermaximumspecificuptakeratethanU.pertusa,whileU.pertusapossesses4timeshighermaximalgrowthefficiencythanT.subcordiformis.

简介：ThepentadaverageminimumoutgoingIongwaveradiation(OLR)dataoverthenorthernSouthChinaSea(SCS)areselectedasindexestoanalyzetheintensityoftheconvectionconnectedwiththeSCSmonsoononset.StatisticanalysisdemonstratesthattheindexcanaccountfortheintensityoftheSCSmonsoonabout,atleast,75%.Asignificantnegativecorrelation(confidentlevelover90%)betweenShandong'ssummerrainfallandtheindexisfoundonlyintheperiodof24-26pentadsandlimitedtotheareaabovethedeeperwaterbasinoftheSCS(10°-20°N,110°-117.5°E).ThustheminimumOLRoverthedeeperwaterbasinduring24-26pentadscanbeusedasavaluablepredictorforthelong-leadforecastoftheprecipitation.The500hPageopotentialheightdataintheNorthernHemispherefortheperiodfrom1951to2000areusedinordertocharacterizethephysicalmechanismsinvolved.Thecompositeanomaliesofthe500hPalevelallowfortheidentificationanddetectionoftheteleconnectionoftheEastAsia-NorthAmerica(EAP)patternthatisresponsibletosomeextentfortheinterannualvariabilityoftheprecipitationofShandongProvince.Besides,theinterannualdifferencesoftheintraseasonalvariations(ISV)ofOLRandtheirnorthwardtransmissionprobablymakeacontributiontothepositionofthesubtropicalhighwhichisvitalforthesummerrainfallintheprovince.

简介：AnalternativeindexfortheonsetofsummermonsoonovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)hasbeendesignedbasedonthereanalysisdataoftheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCEP/NCAR).ItisfoundthatthedifferencebetweenthegeopotentialthicknessoverGuangzhouandManilacanbeusedasanalternativeindexfortheonsetofsummermonsoonovertheSCS.SincetheconvectiveheatingaltersthegeopotentialheightandthedistancebetweenGuangzhouandManilaisofsynopticscaleinthegeostraphicframework,theindexcanrepresentthestrengthofheatingandthefirstbarocliniccellovertheSCS.Bycomparisonbetweendifferentindices,itisfoundthatthesummermonsoononsetovertheSCScanbeascertainedbytheverticalzonalwindshearbetween200hPaand850hPa,thezonalwindat850hPa,theOLRanomaly,andthealternativeindexdefinedinthepresentpaper.Themeridionalwindshearbetween200hPaand850hPaalwaysappearsovertheSCSmuchearlierthanthezonalwindshearandcannotbeusedasanindexunderconsideration.

简介：Theharmonicanalysismethodbasedonhighandlowwaterlevelsisdiscussedinthispaper.Inordertomakefulluseoftheinformationofhighandlowwaterobservations(thetimederivativeofwaterlevelattheobservationtimeiszero),theweightcoefficient,w,isintroducedtocontroltheimportanceofthepartrelatedtothisinformationintheerrorformula.Themajordiurnalconstituents,O1andK1,andsemi-diurnalconstituents,N2,M2andS2areselecteddirectlyfromthemonthlydataanalysis,andsomeotherimportantconstituents,P1,v2andK2,areincludedastheinferredconstituents.Theobtainedharmonicconstantsofthemajorconstituentsareveryclosetothoseobtainedfromtheanalysisofhourlydata,andthisshowsthathighandlowwaterdatacanbeusedtoextracttidalconstantswithhighaccuracy.Theanalysisresultalsoshowsthattheinferenceandtheweightingcoefficientareimportantinthehighandlowwaterdataanalysis,anditissuggestedthatw≥1shouldbetakeninmonthlyhighandlowwaterdataanalysis.Thisanalysismethodcanbeuseddirectlytoanalyzealtimetricdatawithw=0.

简介：AfterreviewingtheanalyticaltheoriesofT-Scurve,somemethodsofT-Srelationship,andfuzzysetsforstudyingwatermasses,newmethodsoffittingthemembershipfunctionofoceanicwatermassesarepresentedbasedonthecharacteristicsofT-Scurvefamilyofoceanicwatermasses.ThemembershipfunctionsofoceanicSubsurfaceWaterMasswithhighsalinityandIntermediateWaterMasswithlowsalinityarefittedanddiscussedusingthenewmethods.Theproposedmethodsareusefulinanalyzingthemixingandmodifyingprocessesofthesewatermasses,especiallyintracingtheirsources.Theprinciplesandformulaeofthenewmethodsandexamplesaregiven.

简介：JuvenilesofOreochromismossambicuswithinitialwetweightsof0.0382±0.0859gandinitialtotallengthsof0.735±1.425cmweretestedfortheirsalinitytolerance.Thejuvenilesweresubjectedtofivesalinitylevelsforaperiodofseventy-fivedays.Thesesalinitylevelscorrespondtothesalinitiesfoundalongthecreekandinestuarineregions.Eachsetofexperimentswasconductedatafifteendayintervals.Theweight,lengthandsurvivalratewerecalculated.Nomortalitywasobservedatsalinitylevels0,5,10and15,whilethejuvenilesfacedslightmortalityat20inthesameenvironmentalconditions,includingthediet.Therewasnosignificantdifferenceinspecificgrowthrateatallsalinitylevels.ThejuvenilesofO.mossambicuscouldsurviveupto20salinity.Theseresultssuggestthatthisspeciescangrowandbeexploitedcommerciallyinbrackishwaters,riversandestuarineregions.

简介：Thirty-nineisozymesinfourtissues(mantlemuscle,buccalbulbmuscle,eyeandliver)ofSepiaesculentawerescreenedforenzymaticanalysisusingstarchgelelectrophoretictechnique.Eighteenenzymes(G3PDH,LDH,MDH,MEP,IDHP,PGDH,GRS,NP,AAT,CK,AK,EST,ALP,ACP,FBP,MPI,GPIandPGM)showstrongactivitiesandgoodconvergenceinzymogram.TheyareprovedtobesuitablegeneticmarkersinSepiaesculenta.Amongthetissuesused,mantlemuscleisthebestforelectrophoreticanalysisofisozymes.Eyeandliverarefairlygoodforsomespecialenzymes,suchasLDH,EST,MPI,etc.Twenty-sixlociaredetected.Theproportionofpolymorphiclociis0.115intheQingdaosampleand0.153intheRizhaosample(P＜0.99).ThemeanvaluesoftheobservedandexpectedheterozygosityperlocusofQingdaosampleare0.016and0.017,whilethoseoftheRizhaosampleare0.023and0.025respectively.

简介：Inviewofthefactthatsiderophoresfrommicroorganismsindifferentenvironmentshavereceivedmuchattentioninrecentyearsbecauseoftheirpotentialapplicationsanddiversephysiologicalfunctions,thisreviewdealswithsiderophore-producingmarinemicroorganismsandthedetection,chemicalstructureandpotentialapplicationsofsiderophores.

简介：AnellipticalwindfieldmodeloftyphoonsisputforwardbasedonthecharacteristicsofthetyphoonwindfieldsoccurringintheYellowSeaandBohaiSea.Bycontrastingitwiththecirculartyphoonwindfieldmodel,itisfoundthattheellipticalmodelcanadequatelyrepresenttherealwindfieldandtracetheprocessofatyphoonstormsurge.Thenumericallysimulatedresultsofstormsurgesbyusingtheellipticalmodelareingoodagreementwiththeobservationsandmarkedlybetterthanthosebyusingthecircularmodel.

简介：航天测控站分布在全球不同的板块,其站址坐标随地壳形变而发生变化.分析了中国大陆区域的地壳形变运动速率,讨论了地壳形变对航天测控站站址坐标的影响,提出了改正措施.