简介：Theirretrievablefateofneuronsdominatedtheneurosciencerhetoricforthefirsthalfofthiscentury,apositionthatwasfiercelycontestedandrecentlydebunkedbyextensivestudiescarriedoutinthefieldofneuroregenerationresearch.Theturningpointcameintheyear1928,whenRamonY.Cajal’s(Lobato,2008)worksuggestedthattheregenerativecapacityof

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousresearchhasrevealedthatsomatostatincaninduceepilepsy,andthatthelevelsofneuropeptideYmayincreaseandbecomemoreactiveinbrainareaswithepilepticseizures.OBJECTIVE:ToobservetheeffectofGanodermalucidumsporepowderontheneuropeptideYandsomatostatincontentinthecerebralcortexandhippocampalregionsofseizureratsinducedbypentylenetetrazol(PTZ).Furthermore,toverifyanyeffectofGanodermalucidumsporepowderoninhibitionofepilepticseizures.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ArandomizedgroupanimalstudywasperformedinAugust2007intheSchoolofBasicMedicalSciences,JiamusiUniversity(Jiamusi,Heilongjiang,China).MATERIALS:Thirtyhealthy,male,Wistarrats,aged12weeksandweighing180–220g,weretakenastheexperimentalanimals.PTZ(SigmaCompany,UnitedStates)wasusedtoinduceepilepsy.Ganodermalucidumspores(Leyss,exFrvariety)werepurchasedfromJiamusiCityWildGrowingCaseoftheGanodermaLucidum(China).Rabbitanti-somatostatinantibodiesandsecondaryantibodieswerepurchasedfromWuhanBosterCompany(China).NeuropeptideYradioimmunoassaykitwaspurchasedfromBeijingFuruiBiotechnologyCompany(China).METHODS:Thirtyratswererandomlydividedintothreegroups:acontrolgroup,anepilepsymodelgroupandaGanodermalucidumspore-treatedgroup.Eachgroupcontained10animals.RatsintheepilepsymodelgroupweretreatedwithintraperitonealinjectionsofPTZandgastricperfusionofphysiologicsaline.IntheGanodermalucidumspore-treatedgroup,intraperitonealinjectionofPTZandgastricperfusionofGanodermalucidumsporepowderwereadministered.Theblankcontrolgroupwasonlyadministeredwiththephysiologicalsalinebyintraperitonealinjectionandgastricperfusion.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ImmunohistochemicalstainingandradioimmunoassaymethodswereusedtoobservethechangesofsomatostatinandneuropeptideYcontentinbraintissueofepilepticrats,aswellasthemorphologyofneurons

简介：ThisstudysoughttoidentifydifferentiallyexpressedproteinsinSH-SY5Ycellstreatedwithvalproicacid,usingtwo-dimensionaldifferencegelelectrophoresisanalysis.Threeproteinswereunambi-guouslyidentified:theeukaryotictranslationinitiationfactor4Aisoform1andATP6V1B2proteinweredownregulated,whiletheheterogeneousnuclearribonucleoproteinKwasupregulated.Moreover,allthreeproteinsareassociatedwithalteredexpressionduetooxidativestress.Ma-trix-assistedlaserdesorption/ionization-timeofflightmassspectrometryandproteinimmunoblottingassayconfirmedthedifferentialexpressionofeukaryotictranslationinitiationfactor4Aisoform1.Theresultsindicatethatvalproicacidexertsanantioxidationeffectbyregulatingtheexpressionofeukaryotictranslationinitiationfactor4Aisoform1.

简介：Freeradicalsinducedbytraumaticbraininjuryhavedeleteriouseffectsonthefunctionandantioxidantvitaminlevelsofseveralorgansystemsincludingthebrain.Melatoninpossessesantioxidanteffectonthebrainbymaintainingantioxidantenzymeandvitaminlevels.Weinvestigatedtheeffectsofmelatoninonantioxidantabilityinthecerebralcortexandbloodoftraumaticbraininjuryrats.Resultsshowedthatthecerebralcortexβ-carotene,vitaminC,vitaminE,reducedglutathione,anderythrocytereducedglutathionelevels,andplasmavitaminClevelweredecreasedbytraumaticbraininjurywhereastheywereincreasedfollowingmelatonintreatment.Inconclusion,melatoninseemstohaveprotectiveeffectsontraumaticbraininjury-inducedcerebralcortexandbloodtoxicitybyinhibitingfreeradicalformationandsupportingantioxidantvitaminredoxsystem.

简介：Mitochondriaplayanimportantroleinneuronalapoptosiscausedbycerebralischemia,andtheroleismediatedbytheexpressionofmitochondrialproteins.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheinvolvementofmitochondrialproteinsinhippocampalcellapoptosisaftertransientcerebralischemia-reperfusioninjuryinagedratsusingacomparativeproteomicsstrategy.Ourexperimentalresultsshowthattheagedratbrainissensitivetoischemia-reperfusioninjuryandthattransientischemialedtocellapoptosisinthehippocampusandchangesinmemoryandcognitionofagedrats.Differentialproteomicsanalysissuggestedthatthisphenomenonmaybemediatedbymitochondrialproteinsassociatedwithenergymetabolismandapoptosisinagedrats.Thisstudyprovidespotentialdrugtargetsforthetreatmentoftransientcerebralischemia-reperfusioninjury.

简介：BACKGROUND:ItisknownthatacupuncturetherapycandecreaseplasmaneuropeptideY(NPY)levelsinpatientswithcerebralinfarction,butdifferenttypesofacupuncturetherapyusedinvariousstagesofcerebralinfarctionhavenotbeenevaluated.OBJECTIVE:Toexploretheeffectofacupuncturetherapyonresuscitation(XingnaoKaiqiao)andplasmaNPYlevelsinpatientswithveryearlystageacutecerebralinfarction.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Thiscase-controlledstudywasperformedattheAffiliatedHospitaloftheMedicalCollegeoftheChinesePeople'sArmedPoliceForcebetweenSeptember2004andOctober2005.PARTICIPANTS:Sixtypatientswithacutecerebralinfarctionof≤6hourswereusedinthisstudy.Patientswererandomlydividedintoanacupuncturetherapygroup(n=30)andaroutinetreatmentgroup(n=30).Another30healthysubjectswereusedasthecontrolgroup.METHODS:TheacupuncturetherapyofXingnaoKaiqiaousedintheacupuncturetherapygroupwasbasedonroutinewesternmedicaltreatmentandwasperformedatbilateralNeiguan(PC6)usingthetwirling,reinforcing-reducingmethod,Renzhong(DU26)usingheavybird-peckingneedling,Sanyinjiao(SP6)usingreinforcingandreducingbyliftingandthrustingtheneedle,Jiquan(HT1),Weizhong(BL40)andChize(LU5)usingreinforcingandreducingbyliftingandthrustingtheneedle.Theacupuncturelastedfor14days.Patientsintheroutinetreatmentgroupunderwentroutinemedicaltreatmentandnointerventionwasgiventosubjectsinthecontrolgroup.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:A4mLvenousbloodsamplewasobtainedatdifferenttimepoints,i.e.,immediatelyafterhospitalization,thenextmorning,7and14daysaftertreatment,tomeasureplasmaNPYlevelspre-andpost-treatmentusingtheradio-immunitymethod.RESULTS:TheplasmaNPYlevelsweresignificantlyhigherinboththeroutinetreatmentgroupandtheacupuncturetherapygroupthaninthecontrolgrouppre-andpost-treatment(P<0.01).Inparticular,theplasmaNPYlevelsinboththeacupuncturetherapygroupa

简介：骨髓基质细胞（bonemarrowstromalcells，BMSC）是指存在于骨髓间质中具有自我复制能力，不仅可分化为造血细胞，在特定条件下还可分化为非造血组织细胞。BMSC具有多向分化潜能和强大的增殖能力，遗传背景稳定，体内植入反应弱，易于分离扩增纯化，是一种较理想的组织工程种子细胞。近年来，国内外学者广泛开展了BMSC向神经干细胞诱导分化的研究，本文就BMSC向神经干细胞及神经细胞诱导分化的研究进展分述如下。

简介：目的：研究丹参对鼠骨髓间充质细胞的分化作用。方法：丹参注射液诱导鼠骨髓间充质细胞向神经元方向分化，采用免疫细胞化学方法对分化的和未分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果：丹参可诱导鼠骨髓间充质细胞向神经细胞分化，分化的细胞早期表达巢蛋白和Musashi1蛋白，后期则表达神经元的标志物神经元特异性醇化酶和神经微丝M，在最适合的诱导条件下约50％-60％的细胞表达这两种神经元的标志物。结论：骨髓组织中存在能分化为神经元的干细胞，丹参能够诱导这种干细胞向神经元分化，这种细胞可能成为中枢神经系统自体细胞移植的另一个干细胞的来源。

简介：目的观察外胚间充质干细胞（EMSCs）在大鼠胶质瘤模型中枢神经系统（CNS）内的分化方向。方法将大鼠c6胶质瘤细胞系微量注射入12只SD大鼠（4～6周龄）右侧纹状体内，建立大鼠胶质瘤模型；C6细胞移植后2d，Hoechst33342标记EMSCs移植到SD大鼠双侧纹状体内。EMSCs移植后7d行全脑组织冰冻切片，免疫荧光染色观察细胞表面标记OX-42（CD11b/CD11a）的表达，荧光显微镜下观察标记效果。结果SD大鼠全脑组织切片观察证实12只大鼠脑胶质瘤模型建立成功；Hoechst33342标记EMSCs阳性率达95％以上；荧光显微镜镜下观察显示注射人大鼠体内的EMSCs经过7d后大部分细胞都保持存活状态。同时有V6细胞和EMSCs存在的时候，C6细胞周围存在大量OX-42阳性细胞；而只有c6细胞或只有EMSCs时，OX-42阳性的细胞数量非常少。另外，远离c6细胞的EMSCs具有向c6细胞迁移的特性。结论在SD大鼠胶质瘤模型纹状体内中，EMSCs大多数被C6细胞诱导成为具有吞噬和抗原提呈功能的小胶质细胞。

简介：目的观察大鼠BMSCs在颅内的分布及向肿瘤的趋化能力.方法分离、纯化、培养大鼠BMSCs,检测其表面抗原,并构建稳定表达海肾荧光素酶（RL）的BMSCs（BMSCsRL）;采用立体定向手术,在Fischer大鼠脑实质接种PKH26标记的9L胶质瘤细胞：接种胶质瘤细胞后7d应用立体定向仪于胶质瘤对侧脑实质接种BMSCsRL.通过Xenogen活体动物体内成像系统监测BMSCsRL在颅内的分布情况,同时通过Transwell板观察体外BMSCs向肿瘤迁移的情况.结果从大鼠骨髓分离的BMSCs的CD90和CD44阳性率为99%;BMSCs有向肿瘤组织趋化的能力,体外实验发现迁移的细胞数量随9L细胞的增多而增多,在体实验中通过生物发光成像技术观察到在接种后0,7,14dBMSCs向肿瘤组织迁移,且在肿瘤与正常脑组织交界处最为明显.结论BMSCs对胶质瘤有明显趋化性,能从远处向胶质瘤组织迁移并定位于其中,提示BMSCs可作为一种潜在的细胞载体用于神经胶质瘤的靶向治疗.

简介：目的研究维甲酸（RA）和音猬因子（Shh）单独和联合作用对促进骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）向运动神经元（MN）发育的作用。方法采用密度梯度离心法结合贴壁法原代培养BMSCs，应用神经干细胞培养基（专利号ZL02134314．4）培养细胞并分四组：（1）空白对照组；（2）RA组，加入0．5μg／mLRA；（3）Shh组，加入200ng／mLShh因子；（4）RA＋Shh组，加入0．5μg／mLRA和200ng／mLShh。细胞培养后第8、12、16、20天．采用SABC免疫细胞化学和间接免疫荧光法分别检测神经干细胞标记nestin和运动神经元标记Hb9的表达，选细胞密度适中视野计算阳性细胞数。对比各组细胞阳性表达比例。结果RA组nestin阳性表达率比其他三组都高（P〈0．05）；Shh组和空白组阳性率均很低。两者间无显著差别；RA＋Shh组和空白组比较有差别（P〈0．05）。四组中只有RA＋Shh组Hb9表达阳性．其他组均未检测到Hb9抗体。结论RA能显著促进BMSCs增殖并向骨髓基质源性神经干细胞（BMSC-D-NSCs）分化，然而单独使用Shh并没有明显效果。在RA＋Shh组，部分BMSC．D．NSCs在Sb_h诱导下表达了MN发育过程中的重要蛋白Hb9，提示BMSCs存在向MN发育的潜力．RA＋Shh可以促进该分化过程。

简介：目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（MSCs）的体外分离、纯化、扩增和向神经元样细胞的定向诱导分化。以期为脐带MSCs的神经移植提供理论依据。方法无菌条件下收集剖宫产新生儿脐带．酶消化法获取MSCs．进行培养。用流式细胞仪检测MSCs的表面标志。取扩增3，5，10代的MSCs分别向神经元样细胞诱导。用免疫组化和RT-PCR法检测神经元样细胞特异性标志。结果脐带富含MSCs．且脐带MSCs（UCMSCs）强表达CD13、29、CD44、CD105，弱表达CD106，不表达CD34、CD11a、CD14、CD33、CD45。神经条件培养基诱导后的细胞平均有70％左右呈现典型的神经元样表型。免疫组化法检测发现不同代数的MSCs经诱导后均表达nestin，NSE，NeuN，NF-M，弱表达GFAP。RT-PCR显示诱导后NSEmRNA表达增加。结论MSCs存在于人脐带中，并且在体外有较强的增殖能力．特定条件下能够分化为神经元样细胞。