简介：Objective:Toexplorethecultureconditionsofhumanneuralstemcellsandtoinvestigatetheultrastructureofneurospheres.Methods:Thecellsfromtheembryonichumancorticesweremechanicallydissociated.N2mediumwasadaptedtocultureandexpandthecells.ThecellswereidentifiedbyimmunocytochemistryandEMwasappliedtoexaminetheultrastructureofneurospheres.Results:Theneuralstemcellsfromhumanembryonicbrainsweresuccessfullyculturedandformedtypicalneurospheresinsuspension,andmostofthecellsexpressedvimentin,whichwasamarkerforneuralprogenitorcells,andthecellscoulddifferentiateintoneurons,astrocytesandoligodendrocytes.Invitromyelinformationinneurosphereswereobservedatanearlystageofculture.Conclusions:Humanneuralstemcellscanbeculturedfromembryonicbrains,canformthetypicalneurospheresinsuspensioninvitroandhavetheabilityofmyelinating,andmaybepotentialsourcefortransplantationintreatingmyelindisorders.

简介：客观：为了探索可行性构造遗传工程人，神经干细胞(hNSCs)由lentivirus调停了多表示基因以便为针的绳索损害(SCI)的进一步的研究提供接枝来源。方法：从人的流产胎的大脑外皮的人的神经干细胞被孤立并且有教养，然后，基因被lentivirus修改两个都表示绿荧光蛋白质(GFP)和老鼠neurotrophin-3(NT-3)；转基因的表示被荧光显微镜，胎儿的老鼠的背面的根中心和槽污点的方法检测。结果：遗传工程hNSCs成功地被构造。所有在荧光显微镜下面表示了明亮绿的荧光的遗传工程hNSCs被观察。转基因的hNSCs的调节媒介能导致从背面的根中心(DRG)挥舞长出的神经突。遗传工程hNSCs表示了高级NT-3which能被使用槽污点检测。结论：遗传工程hNSCs调停了bylentivirus能被构造多成功地表示基因。

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheeffectsofhyperbaricoxygen(HBO)therapyonpatientswithpostbraininjuryneuralstatus.Methods:Twoto4coursesofHBOtherapyand/ormedicationswereusedtotreat320patientswhowererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Assessmentwasmadewith99mTc-ethylcysteinatedimer(99mTc-ECD)singlephotonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT)beforeandaftertreatment.Results:TherewasasignificantdifferencebetweentheHBOtherapygroupandthenon-HBOtherapygroup.HBOtherapywassuperiortomedicationtreatmentaloneintherecoveryofclinicalsymptoms,controlofepilepsy,andresolutionofhydrocephalus(P<0.01).Conclusions:HBOtherapyhasspecificcurativeeffectsonpatientswithpostbraininjuryneuralstatus,and99mTc-ECDSPECTcouldplayanimportantroleindiagnosingpostbraininjuryneuralstatusandmonitoringthetherapeuticeffectsofHBO.

简介：Objective:Toidentifyandseparatetheventralrootfromdorsalroot,whichisthekeyforsuccessoftheartificialsomatic-autonomicreflexpathwayprocedureforneurogenicbladderafterspinalcordinjury(SCI).Herewereporttheresultsofintra-operatingroommonitoringwith10paralyzedpatients.Methods:TenmalevolunteerswithcompletesuprasacralSCIunderwenttheartificialsomatic-autonomicprocedureundergeneralanesthesia.Vastusmedialis,tibialisanticusandgastrocnemiusmedialisoftheleftlowerlimbweremonitoredforelectromyogram(EMG)activitiesresultedfromL4,L5,andS1stimulationrespectivelytodifferentiatetheventralrootfromdorsalroot.ALaborieUrodynamicssystemwasconnectedwithathreechannelurodynamiccatheterinsertedintothebladder.TheL2andL3rootswerestimulatedseparatelywhiletheintravesicalpressurewasmonitoredtoevaluatethefunctionofeachroot.Results:Thethresholdsofstimulationonventralrootwere0.02msduration,0.2-0.4mA,(mean0.3mA±0.07mA),comparedwith0.2-0.4msduration,1.5-3mA(mean2.3mA±0.5mA)fordorsalroot(P<0.01)tocauserevokedpotentialsandEMG.ElectricalstimulationonL4rootsresultedintheEMGbeingrecordedmainlyonvastusmedialis,whilestimulationonL5orS1rootscausedelectricalactivitiesoftibialisanticusorgastrocnemiusmedialisrespectively.Thecontinuousstimulationforabout3-5secondsonS2orS3ventralroot(0.02ms,20Hz,and0.4mA)couldresultedinbladderdetrusorcontraction,butthestrongestbladdercontractionover50cmH2OwasusuallycausedbystimulationonS3ventralrootin7ofthe10patients.Conclusions:Intra-operatingroomelectrophysiologicalmonitoringisofgreathelptoidentifyandseparateventralrootfromdorsalroot,andtoselecttheappropriatesacralventralrootforbestbladderreinnervation.Differentparametersandthresholdsondifferentrootsarethemostimportantfactorstokeepinmindtoavoiddamagingtherootsandtoassurethebestresu

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