简介：Thepresentstudyprovidesdetailedexperimentalresultsonthesynthesisandcharacterizationofcarbonizedlithiumtitanatespinel(LTO)compositesaselectrodematerialsforlithiumioncapacitor.TheLTOparticlesweregraftedwithaporouscarbonlayerobtainedfromthepyrolysisofcamphor.ThegraphiticnatureofthecarbonwasconfirmedthroughRamanspectroscopy.Therelativecontributionsfromthecapacitiveanddiffusioncontrolledprocessesunderlyingtheseelectrodesweremathematicallymodeled.Electrontransportmechanismunderlyingtheseelectrodeswasdeterminedbymeasuringtheworkfunctions(φ)ofLTOandcarbongraftedLTOusingultravioletphotoelectronspectroscopy.ThesecarbongraftedLTOcompositesexhibitedanenergydensityof330mWhL-1andapeakpowerdensityof2.8kWL-1,whenemployedaselectrodesincoincellswithexcellentcyclingstabilityattheendof4000cycles.

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简介：Thefinalgoaloffusionenergyresearchistomakeiteconomicallycompetitiveandthecostofelectricity(COE)aslowasacceptablebytheenergymarket.Thereforethefusionplasmahastobeoperatingwithhighpowerdensityandtheplasmafacingcomponents(PFC),suchasfirstwallanddivertor,havetosustainhighsurfaceheatloadandbombardmentwithhighparticleflux.SuchrigorousenvironmentsconsequentiallyleadtoseveredamageanderosionofPFCmaterials.Asaresult,thelifetimeofPFCwouldbeshortened.

简介：研究了一些锂基氧化物对异丁烷的催化氧化脱氢作用，其中Ｌｉ２ＳｎＯ３显示出优良的催化性质，Ｌｉ２ＭｎＯ３，ＬｉＦｅ５Ｏ８和ＬｉＡｌ５Ｏ８对异丁烯的选择性较差，而Ｌｉ２ＣｅＯ３，ＬｉＦｅＯ２和ＬｉＺｎＯ２在反应条件下不稳定。系列ＬｉＳｎＯ催化剂的ＣＯ２ＴＰＤ分析表明，当ＳｎＯ２转化为Ｌｉ２ＳｎＯ３时，在表面形成了碱中心，它有利于异丁烯从催化剂表面脱附。Ｏ２ＴＰＤ和Ｈ２ＴＰＤ结果表明，此时吸附的氧物种数量降低，异丁烯的深度氧化受到抑制。Ｌｉ２ＳｎＯ３中晶格氧物种的活性对异丁烷催化氧化脱氢可能是适宜的，但不利于深度氧化。

简介：IntheBigBangtheory,primordialnucleosynthesiswasfinishedduringfirsthalfhouroftheuniverse’sexistence.Thisprocessyieldedthemainlightelementsincludinghydrogen,deuterium,heliumandlithium.Thetheoreticalpredictionsmatchverywelltheobserveddeuteriumandheliumabundance,butthe7Liabundanceisoverpredictedbyafactorathree[1].Thisinconsistencyiscalled“cosmologicallithiumproblem”.Inthepastdecade,manyattemptstosolvethisproblemusingconventionalastrophysicsandnuclearphysicsfailed.Recently,weproposedanewsolutiontolithiumproblembyintroducingnon-extensivestatisticsintoBigBangnucleosynthesis[2].

简介：Inordertosuccessivelycompetewithsupercapacitors,anabilityoffastdischargeisamustforlithium-ionbatteries.Fromthispointofview,stoichiometricandsubstitutedlithiummanganesespinelsascathodematerialsareoneofthemostprospectivecandidates,especiallyintheirnanosizedform.Inthisarticle,anoverviewofthemostrecentdataregardingphysico-chemicalandelectrochemicalpropertiesoflithiummanganesespinels,especially,LiMn2O4andLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,synthesizedbymeansofvariousmethodsispresented,withspecialemphasisoftheiruseinhigh-rateelectrochemicalapplications.Inparticular,specificcapacitiesandratecapabilitiesofspinelmaterialsareanalyzed.Itissuggestedthatreducedspecificcapacityisdeterminedprimarilybytheaggregationofmaterialparticles,whereasgoodhigh-ratecapabilityisgovernednotonlybythesizeofcrystallitesbutalsobytheperfectnessofcrystals.Themosttechnologicallyadvantageoussolutionsaredescribed,existinggapsintheknowledgeofspinelmaterialsareoutlined,andthewaysoftheirfillingaresuggested,inahopetobehelpfulinkeepinglithiumbatteriesafloatinthestruggleforaworthyplaceamongelectrochemicalenergysystemsofthe21stcentury.

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简介：Wereportthefirstobservation,tothebestofourknowledge,ofsum-frequencygenerationinon-chiplithiumniobatemicrodiskresonators.Thesum-frequencysignalinthe780nmband,distinctinwavelengthfromsecondharmonicsignals,wasobtainedinlithiumniobatemicroresonatorsunderthepumpoftwoindividual1550nmbandlasers.Thesum-frequencyconversionefficiencywasmeasuredtobe1.4×10-7mW-1.Thedependenceoftheintensitiesofthenonlinearsignalsonthetotalpumppowerandthewavelengthofonepumplaserwasinvestigatedwhilefixingthewavelengthoftheother.Thisworkpavesthewayforapplicationsofon-chiplithiumniobatemicrodiskresonatorsrangingfrominfraredsingle-photondetectiontoinfraredspectroscopy.

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简介：Thesyntheticroutesofporouscarbonsandtheapplicationsofthefunctionalporouscarbon-basedcompositeelectrodematerialsforlithiumsecondarybatteriesarereviewed.Thesyntheticmethodshavemadegreatbreakthroughstocontroltheporesizeandvolume,wallthickness,surfacearea,andconnectivityofporouscarbons,whichresultinthedevelopmentoffunctionalporouscarbon-basedcompositeelectrodematerials.Theeffectsofporouscarbonsontheelectrochemicalpropertiesarefurtherdiscussed.Theporouscarbonsasidealmatrixestoincorporateactivematerialsmakeagreatimprovementontheelectrochemicalpropertiesbecauseofhighsurfaceareaandporevolume,excellentelectronicconductivity,andstrongadsorptioncapacity.Largenumbersofthecompositeelectrodematerialshavebeenusedforthedevicesofelectrochemicalenergyconversionandstorage,suchaslithium-ionbatteries(LIBs),Li-Sbatteries,andLi-O2batteries.Itisbelievedthatfunctionalporouscarbon-basedcompositeelectrodematerialswillcontinuouslycontributetothefieldoflithiumsecondarybatteries.

简介：Flowbatterieswithhighenergydensityandlongcyclelifehavebeenpursuedtoadvancetheprogressofenergystorageandgridapplication.Non-aqueousbatterieswithwidevoltagewindowsrepresentapromisingtechnologywithoutthelimitationofwaterelectrolysis,buttheysufferfromlowelectrolyteconcentrationandunsatisfactorybatteryperformance.Here,anon-aqueouslithiumbrominerechargeablebatteryisproposed,whichisbasedonBr2/Br-andLi+/Liasactiveredoxpairs,withfastredoxkineticsandgoodstability.TheLi/Brbatterycombinestheadvantagesofhighoutputvoltage（3.1V）,electrolyteconcentration（3.0mol/L）,maximumpowerdensity（29.1mW/cm2）andpracticalenergydensity（232.6Wh/kg）.Additionally,thebatterydisplaysacolumbicefficiency（CE）of90.0%,avoltageefficiency（VE）of88.0%andanenergyefficiency（EE）of80.0%at1.0mA/cm2aftercontinuouslyrunningformorethan1000cycles,whichisbyfarthelongestcyclelifereportedfornon-aqueousflowbatteries.

简介：在这份报纸，有效模型结构一个秒顺序抵抗电容网络和简单地分析的开的电路电压对充电(SOC)的状态创作了地图被使用为电的车辆(EV)描绘一节锂铁磷酸盐电池的电压行为。作为结果，电池的过电位能用一个秒顺序电路网络被描绘，模型parameterization能在装载侧面的任何电池下面被认识到，没有一个特殊描述实验。以便保证好坚韧性，过滤的扩大Kalman被采用递归地实现刻度过程。涉及刻度算法的linearization在一种递归的形式通过周期性的衍生物被认识到。递归地校准的电池模型能精确地描出的确认结果表演在二不同短暂力量操作下面的电池电压行为调节。当SOC是相对低的时，与一个一阶的模型一起的比较显示递归地校准的秒顺序模型在电池SOC范围和更好的表演的主要部分有可比较的精确性。

简介：Anovelcarbonmatrix/siliconnanowires(SiNWs)heterogeneousblockwassuccessfullyproducedbydispersingSiNWsintotemplatedcarbonmatrixviaamodifiedevaporationinducedself-assemblymethod.TheheterogeneousblockwasdeterminedbyX-raydiffraction,Ramanspectraandscanningelectronmicroscopy.Asananodematerialforlithiumbatteries,theblockwasinvestigatedbycyclicvoltammograms(CV),charge/dischargetests,galvanostaticcyclingperformanceandA.C.impedancespectroscopy.WeshowthattheSiNWsdisperseintotheframework,andarenicelywrappedbythecarbonmatrix.Theheterogeneousblockexhibitssuperiorelectrochemicalreversibilitywithahighspecificcapacityof529.3mAh/gincomparisonwithbareSiNWsanodewithmerelyabout52.6mAh/gcapacityretention.TheblockpresentsexcellentcyclestabilityandcapacityretentionwhichcanbeattributedtotheimprovementofconductivitybytheexistenceofcarbonmatrixandtheenhancementofabilitytorelievethelargevolumeexpansionofSiNWsduringthelithiuminsertion/extractioncycle.Theresultsindicatethattheas-preparedcarbonmatrix/SiNWsheterogeneousblockcanbeanattractiveandpotentialanodematerialforlithium-ionbatteryapplications.

简介：WehavedevelopedaSi/grapheneoxideelectrodesynthesizedviaultrasonication-stirringmethodunderalkalinecondition.Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),EDSdot-mappingandhigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HRTEM)resultsshowthatSiparticlesareevenlydispersedonthegrapheneoxidesheets.Theelectrochemicalperformancewasinvestigatedbygalvanostaticcharge/dischargetestsatroomtemperature.TheresultsrevealedthatSi/grapheneoxideelectrodeexhibitedahighreversiblecapacityof2825mAh/gwithacoulombicefficiencyof94.6%at100mA/gafter15cyclesandacapacityretentionof70.8%after105cyclesat4000mA/g.Theseperformanceparametersshowagreatpotentialinthehigh-performancebatteriesapplicationforportableelectronics,electricvehiclesandrenewableenergystorage.

简介：Insituchemicaloxidationpolymerizationofpyrroleonthesurfaceofsulfurparticleswascarriedouttosynthesizeasulfur/polypyrrole(S/PPy)nanocompositewithcore-shellstructure.Thecompositewascharacterizedbyelementalanalysis,X-raydiffraction,scanning/transmissionelectronmicroscopy,andelectrochemicalmeasurements.XRDandFTIRresultsshowedthatsulfurwelldispersedinthecore-shellstructureandPPystructurewassuccessfullyobtainedviainsituoxidativepolymerizationofpyrroleonthesurfaceofsulfurparticles.TEMobservationrevealedthatPPywasformedandfixedtothesurfaceofsulfurnanoparticleafterpolymerization,developingawell-definedcore-shellstructureandthethicknessofPPycoatinglayerwasintherangeof20-30nm.Inthecomposite,PPyworkedasaconductingmatrixaswellasacoatingagent,whichconfinedtheactivematerialswithintheelectrode.Consequently,theaspreparedS/PPycompositecathodeexhibitedgoodcyclingandrateperformancesforrechargeablelithium/sulfurbatteries.TheresultingcellcontainingS/PPycompositecathodeyieldsadischargecapacityof1039mAhg-1attheinitialcycleandretains59%ofthisvalueover50cyclesat0.1Crate.At1Crate,theS/PPycompositeshowedgoodcyclestability,andthedischargecapacitywas475mAhg-1after50cycles.

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简介：Afewclassesoforganiccompoundsarepromisingelectrode-activematerialsduetotheirhighpowerandenergydensities,lowcost,environmentalfriendliness,andfunctionality.Inthepresentwork,thepossibilityofusingKlasonligninextractedfrombuckwheathusksasacathode-activematerialforaprimarylithiumbatteryhasbeeninvestigatedforthefirsttime.Thereactionmechanisminthelithium/ligninelectrochemicalcellwassuggestedbasedonthedeepgalvanostaticdischarge(upto0.005V)dataandcyclicvoltammetryresults.ThedependenceoftheelectrochemicalbehavioroftheKlasonligninonthemillingdegreewasevaluated.Themaximumspecificcapacityoftheligninisequalto600mAhg-1atadischargecurrentdensityof75μAcm-2.BeneficialeffectofthethermaltreatmentoftheKlasonlignincathodeat250°Conthecellperformancewasestablished.Itwasfoundthatthedischargecapacityofthecellincreasedby30%intherangefrom3.3to0.9Vforthetreatedcathodematerial.TheseresultsdemonstratetheprospectsofusingKlasonlignin-basedelectrochemicalcellsaslow-rateprimarypowersources.