简介：Differentfrombirdsandinsects,batshavecomplexwing-deformationcapacitytogeneratehighaerodynamicforces.Inflight,theactivelymorphingofbatwingincludesthetwistingfromwingroottowingtip,thecamberingalongthechordwisedirection,thebendingalongthespanwisedirectionandthewingarea-changingcausedbythestretchandretractionofthewingspan.Itwasfoundthatthehighthrustandliftrequiredinbatflightaredependentonthewingtwistingandcamberingrespectively.Moreover,theintegratedwing-morphinggeneratestheaerodynamicliftandthrustmainlyduringthedownstrokeandalmostnegligibleforcesduringtheupstroke.Thewingarea-changingandbendingcanbeusedtoamplifythepositiveforcesinthedownstrokedurationandreducethenegativeforcesintheupstrokeduration.