简介:Themodernsocio-economicalpolicyoftheRepublicofBelarusaimsatsolvingtheproblemsofsustainablefunctioningofurbanandruralsettlements,andcreationandmaintenanceofahighqualityhousingforthepopulation.Housingconstructionisthemostsociallysignificantandcapital-intensivepartoftheeconomyeverywhere.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenthehousingsectorandothereconomicspheresbothinurbanandruralsettlements.TheStateimplementsanactivehousingpolicyto:increasethesupplyofhousing,improvehousingquality,meetthestandardsofthe21^stcentury,developaneffectivedemandondwelling,elaborateregulationsforsubsidizinghousingconstructionandsupportregionsmostinneed.ThegeneraldirectionofhousingreformsisthetransitionfromStatehousingtoawellfunctioninghousingmarket.Thispaperwillhighlightmostoftheabovementionedissues.
简介:TheSpanishhousingcooperativesaretemporaryorganizationsaimingatbuildinghomesfortheirmemberswiththehelpofprofessionalagentstoensureapricewhichcoversonlytheactualcosts,withoutanyprofitoftheprivatedevelopmentcompanyand,consequentlyalowerpricethanthemarketprice,andaffordableforthepeople.HousesproducedincooperativeregimeconstituteaconsiderablepartofthesubsidizedhousinginSpain,whicharegradedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheratioofthebeneficiary'sincometotheminimumwage.Theirpercentageintheoverallhousesbuilthasalsobeenincreasinginrecentyears.Thereasonofthegrowthliesnotonlyinitscostefficiencybutalsoinsomeotheradvantagesincludingthesocialcohesionoftheuserswhohaveorganizedthemselvesinthisregime.Theauthorgivesanexampleofthe"L'illa"buildingtodemonstratetheseadvantages.