简介:本文利用西藏高原近40年来的逐月气象数据,通过时间序列分析和非参数Mann—Kendall检验方法,对西藏高原日照时数、平均气温、小型蒸发皿蒸发量和降水量4个基本气象要素变化特征进行了较为全面的分析,揭示了近40年来西藏高原气候变化的主要特征.结果表明:(1)日照时数是西北部长,东南部短,且东南部呈一定的下降趋势,西北部呈一定的上升趋势;(2)年平均气温以0℃和5℃为界划分为3个区,研究区全年总体表现出升温趋势,藏西地区的气温变化趋势大于藏东地区;(3)蒸发量年变化很大,研究区整体呈下降趋势,空间上表现为从西部向东部逐渐减少的趋势,其中仅西部和东南部小部分地区呈现出上升趋势,其余地区都为下降趋势;(4)降水趋势变率空间分布上的基本规律是:其大小由东往西逐渐减小,藏中和藏东为上升趋势,藏西为下降趋势.另外,4个要素各月与各季节的变化趋势与年变化趋势间表现出很好的一致性.
简介:根据采自福建省中部戴云山脉亚高山水系源头地带(大致25°40’N,118°11’E)泥炭沉积洼地的孢粉纪录,对该地区亚热带山地植被近4000年来的变化进行了研究.孢粉记录和其他沉积资料显示,3个取样点的泥炭沉积开始于4000年前,很可能是全新世后期气候转冷的结果.在距今4000~1200年前期间,戴云山脉上部(海拔1300~1600m)的植被为亚热带针阔叶混交类型,优势种属包括Cryptomeria(柳杉)、Castanopsis(栲)、Quercus(栎)和Tsuga(铁杉)等.距今1200年前左右,该区域的植被发生了一次大的变化,表现在上述优势属种的孢粉在样品总孢粉数的比例突然下降,而Pinus(松),Gramineae(禾本科)以及Dicranopteris(芒萁)等属种的比例则提高了.这次剧烈的植被变化在其中的一个泥炭钻孔中留下了一层粘土记录,它代表了当时流域内植被受破坏后出现的严重土壤侵蚀.从泥炭沉积提取的孢粉记录还可以看出,研究区内广泛分布的松林是一种次生植被,它是人类不断干扰的结果.
简介:研究了纳帕海高原湿地不同利用方式对土壤质量的影响,结果表明,天然沼泽和浅水沼泽草甸,排水疏干后用于放牧的草甸、垦后湿地相比,土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,速效养分呈现和有机质、全氮一样的变化趋势,均随人为活动干扰加剧而不断下降,土壤酶活性中蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性.垦后湿地土壤养分含量和酶活性较高,土壤质量改善,这与人为大量施用有机肥和周围山上水土流失带下土壤养分汇集有关,但其湿地环境已完全转化为旱生环境,湿地功能丧失.综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与天然沼泽比较,沼泽草甸和草甸湿地均出现退化现象,垦后湿地环境完全改变,应及时进行保护和恢复,退耕还湿.
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