Exploringthehumanbrainisperhapsthemostchallengingandfascinatingscientificissueinthe21stcentury.Itwillfacilitatethedevelopmentofvariousaspectsofthesociety,includingeconomics,education,healthcare,nationaldefenseanddailylife.Theartificialintelligencetechniquesarebecomingusefulasanalternatemethodofclassicaltechniquesorasacomponentofanintegratedsystem.Theyareusedtosolvecomplicatedproblemsinvariousfieldsandbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays.Especially,theinvestigationofhumanbrainwillpromotetheartificialintelligencetechniques,utilizingtheaccumulatingknowledgeofneuroscience,brain-machineinterfacetechniques,algorithmsofspikingneuralnetworksandneuromorphicsupercomputers.Consequently,weprovideacomprehensivesurveyoftheresearchandmotivationsforbrain-inspiredartificialintelligenceanditsengineeringoveritshistory.Thegoalsofthisworkaretoprovideabriefreviewoftheresearchassociatedwithbrain-inspiredartificialintelligenceanditsrelatedengineeringtechniques,andtomotivatefurtherworkbyelucidatingchallengesinthefieldwherenewresearchesarerequired.
