简介：ＵＮＦＰＡＣｏｕｎｔｒｙＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＳｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｓ￥／／ＴｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＮａｔｉｏｎｓＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＦｕｎｄ（ＵＮＦＰＡ）ｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ...

简介：蚜虫属gossypii格洛弗显示出明显的主人专门化，与在许多区域的专业化葫芦、专业化棉花的遗传因子型或主人赛跑。因为它的年度出生的主人庄稼更早开始衰老，专业化葫芦的遗传因子型可以承受食物缺乏。这遗传因子型使用克服这挑战的方法仍然糟糕被理解。以便在主机移动和用法理解专业化葫芦的遗传因子型蚜虫的潜力，棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)上的这遗传因子型的性能，普通却差的优秀主机植物，在这研究被探索。仅仅当这些植物有至少九片叶子时，专业化葫芦的蚜虫能在棉花上建立人口，并且随后的人口相当慢慢地发展。存在whitefly，棉花上的人口改进了专业化葫芦的蚜虫的成功率。专业化葫芦的蚜虫在棉花的更旧的叶子主要是分布式的，与仅仅在上面的叶子安定的一些。为40，54和61 days在棉花上饲养的专业化葫芦的蚜虫仍然为他们的出生的主人植物，黄瓜(Cucumissativus)，而非棉花维持了强壮的偏爱，并且当他们被转移到新六叶的棉花上时，他们繁殖的率和天赋的内在的率增加的网戏剧性地更低植物或分开的叶子。因此，我们断定专业化葫芦的蚜虫有潜力利用成熟或强调whitefly的棉花植物，而是那棉花上的这喂的经验没为葫芦改变他们的专门化。一些棉花植物能充当一位暂时的主人让专业化葫芦的蚜虫克服食物缺乏从开始衰老产生葫芦。

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Injury continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Globally, it is responsible for approximately 5.8 million deaths per year and 91% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Road traffic collision, suicides and homicides are the leading cause of traumatic deaths. Despite the fact that traumatic chest injury is being responsible for 10% of all trauma-related hospital admissions and 25% of trauma-related deaths across the world including in Ethiopia, only few published studies showed the burden of traumatic chest injury in Ethiopia. So, this study aims at assessing the characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury patients visited Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) over one year period.Methods:A single center based retrospective study was done. We collected data from patients’ records to assess characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury at TASH over one year period. All patients diagnosed with traumatic chest injury and received treatment at the hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2016 regardless of its types and severity levels were included in the study. Patients with incomplete medical records for at least 20% of the study variables and without detailed medical history, or patients died before receiving any health care were excluded from the study. The collected data were cleaned and entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with outcome of trau- matic chest injury patients.Results:A total of 192 chest injury patients were included in the study and about one-fourth of chest injury victims were died during treatment period in TASH. Road traffic collision (RTC) was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among traumatic chest injury victims. Age of the victims (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-53.24), time elapsed between the occurrence of traumatic chest injury and admission to health care facilities (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.19-18.00), length of stay in hospital (AOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.58), presence of multiple extra-thoracic injury (AOR 25, 95% CI 4.18-150.02) and development of complications (AOR 23, 95% CI 10-550) were factors associated with death among traumatic chest injury patients in this study.Conclusion:RTC contributed for a considerable number of traumatic chest injuries in this study. Old age, delay in delivering the victim to health care facilities, length of stay in hospital, and development of atelectasis and pneumonia were associated with death among traumatic chest injury patients. Road safety interventions, establishment of organized pre-hospital services, and early recognition and prompt management of traumatic chest injury related complications are urgently needed to overcome the underlying problems in the study setting.